Fig. 1

Illustrations of the segmental angles for the geometric model. Eight segments and 16 degrees of freedom are used for the analysis; 8 degrees of freedom in the frontal plane (Θ₁: left shank, Θ₂: left thigh, Θ₃: pelvis, Θ₄: right thigh, Θ₅: right shank, Θ₆: lower trunk, Θ₇: upper trunk, Θ₈: head) and 8 degrees of freedom in sagittal and transverse plane (α₁: left shank, α₂: left thigh, α₃: pelvis, α₄: right thigh, α₅: right shank, α₆: lower trunk, α₇: upper trunk, α₈: head). The segments were defined from marker data (black circle) as follows: shank; ankle to knee joint, thigh; knee to hip joint, pelvis; left hip to right hip joint, lower trunk; middle point of both hip joints to T10, upper trunk; T10 to C7, neck; C7 to middle point of foreheads