Cardiovascular disease and cumulative incidence of cognitive impairment in the Health and Retirement Study

BMC Geriatrics

Table 2 Effect of CVD and Covariates on Incidence of Cognitive Impairment per Subdistribution Hazard Regression Model

Variable	Subdistribution Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)
Incident CVD	0.96 (0.85–1.09)
Age (yrs)	1.06 (1.05–1.07)
Male gender	1.10 (0.97–1.25)
Race & Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic Black	1.79 (1.47–2.18)
Hispanic	1.33 (1.05–1.67)
Other	1.45 (0.93–2.28)
Education level
Less than high school	1.82 (1.55–2.15)
High school	1.38 (1.21–1.58)
BMI (kg/m^2)	0.99 (0.97–1.00)
Married	0.965 (0.88–1.14)
Depressive symptoms	1.23 (1.03–1.48)
Smoking currently	1.18 (0.95–1.44)
Drinking behavior (past 3 mos)
Not drinking	0.909 (0.52–1.62)
Low-risk drinker	0.67 (0.39–1.23)
Hypertension	1.05 (0.92–1.19)
Diabetes	1.01 (0.87–1.19)
Chronic lung disease	0.94 (0.76–1.15)
Cancer	0.94 (0.81–1.10)

Race and ethnicity is defined based on participants’ primary response, and ‘other’ for race and ethnicity is defined as American Indian, Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, or something else. Low-risk drinking is defined as 7 drinks or fewer per week or 3 drinks or fewer per day for women, or 14 drinks or fewer per week or 4 drinks or fewer per day for men on average over the past 3 months
Abbreviations: CVD cardiovascular disease, BMI body mass index

ISSN: 1471-2318