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Table 4 Association of Sarcopenia and Its Defining Components With Performance on Cognitive function by MoCA in Older Adults (N = 365)

From: Associations of sarcopenia and its defining components with cognitive function in community-dwelling oldest old

Global cognitive function

Sarcopenia

P Value

Low muscle mass

P Value

Low muscle strength

P Value

Low walking speed

P Value

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

Unadjusted Model

−1.382(−2.488 ~ − 0.276)

0.014

−0.798(− 1.860 ~ 0.263)

0.140

−2.694(−3.717 ~ − 1.671)

<.001

− 1.165(− 2.268 ~ − 0.061)

0.039

Model 1

−1.306(− 2.422 ~ − 0.190)

0.022

− 0.693(− 1.747 ~ 0.361)

0.197

−2.431(− 3.476 ~ − 1.386)

<.001

−1.029(− 2.126 ~ 0.068)

0.066

Model 2

− 0.848(− 2.108 ~ 0.412)

0.186

− 0.195(− 1.426 ~ 1.036)

0.755

−2.125(− 3.217 ~ − 1.034)

0.022

− 0.806(− 1.977 ~ 0.364)

0.176

Visuospatial & Executive function

β (95% CI)

P Value

β (95% CI)

P Value

β (95% CI)

P Value

β (95% CI)

P Value

Unadjusted Model

− 0.329(− 0.663 ~ 0.006)

0.054

− 0.250(− 0.571 ~ 0.071)

0.127

− 0.782(− 1.115 ~ − 0.448)

<.001

− 0.404(− 0.741 ~ − 0.067)

0.019

Model 1

− 0.265(− 0.600 ~ 0.070)

0.12

− 0.199(− 0.515 ~ 0.118)

0.218

− 0.705(− 1.048 ~ − 0.363)

<.001

−0.369(− 0.702 ~ − 0.036)

0.03

Model 2

− 0.149(− 0.534 ~ 0.236)

0.446

−0.050(− 0.426 ~ 0.325)

0.792

− 0.775(− 1.139 ~ − 0.412)

<.001

− 0.059(− 0.252 ~ 0.133)

0.544

Naming

β (95% CI)

P Value

β (95% CI)

P Value

β (95% CI)

P Value

β (95% CI)

P Value

Unadjusted Model

−0.005(− 0.180 ~ 0.170)

0.952

− 0.024(− 0.195 ~ 0.146)

0.78

− 0.218(− 0.384 ~ − 0.053)

0.01

−0.046(− 0.222 ~ 0.130)

0.608

Model 1

−0.001(− 0.181 ~ 0.178)

0.988

− 0.020(− 0.193 ~ 0.153)

0.819

−0.225(− 0.398 ~ − 0.051)

0.011

−0.032(− 0.209 ~ 0.146)

0.725

Model 2

0.170(−0.031 ~ 0.372)

0.097

0.189(−0.011 ~ 0.389)

0.064

−0.214(− 0.396 ~ − 0.033)

0.021

0.056(− 0.116 ~ 0.228)

0.523

Attention

β (95% CI)

P Value

β (95% CI)

P Value

β (95% CI)

P Value

β (95% CI)

P Value

Unadjusted Model

−0.191(−0.477 ~ 0.096)

0.191

−0.262(− 0.547 ~ 0.023)

0.071

−0.414(− 0.687 ~ − 0.141)

0.003

−0.179(− 0.466 ~ 0.108)

0.22

Model 1

−0.177(− 0.463 ~ 0.109

0.223

−0.245(− 0.526 ~ 0.037)

0.088

−0.384(− 0.661 ~ − 0.107)

0.007

−0.148(− 0.429 ~ 0.133)

0.3

Model 2

−0.043(− 0.368 ~ 0.283)

0.797

−0.176(− 0.510 ~ 0.157)

0.298

−0.263(− 0.561 ~ 0.035)

0.083

−0.050(− 0.355 ~ 0.256)

0.75

Language

β (95% CI)

P Value

β (95% CI)

P Value

β (95% CI)

P Value

β (95% CI)

P Value

Unadjusted Model

−0.096(−0.276 ~ 0.084)

0.294

−0.129(− 0.300 ~ 0.041)

0.137

− 0.147(− 0.316 ~ 0.022)

0.087

−0.008(− 0.192 ~ 0.175)

0.982

Model 1

−0.042(− 0.222 ~ 0.137)

0.643

−0.081(− 0.249 ~ 0.086)

0.341

−0.031(− 0.202 ~ 0.139)

0.719

0.037(− 0.142 ~ 0.217)

0.683

Model 2

−0.065(− 0.271 ~ 0.142)

0.536

−0.121(− 0.320 ~ 0.077

0.23

0.014(− 0.168 ~ 0.196)

0.879

0.082–0.116 ~ 0.280

0.417

Delayed recall

β (95% CI)

P Value

β (95% CI)

P Value

β (95% CI)

P Value

β (95% CI)

P Value

Unadjusted Model

−0.338(−0.698 ~ 0.022)

0.066

−0.287(− 0.627 ~ 0.052)

0.097

− 0.923(− 1.260 ~ − 0.586)

<.001

−0.323(− 0.688 ~ 0.042)

0.083

Model 1

−0.278(− 0.643 ~ 0.086)

0.134

−0.232(− 0.571 ~ 0.107)

0.179

−0.826(− 1.168 ~ − 0.484)

<.001

−0.229(− 0.591 ~ 0.132)

0.213

Model 2

−0.282(− 0.704 ~ 0.140)

0.189

−0.219(− 0.626 ~ 0.187)

0.29

−0.853(− 1.214 ~ − 0.491)

<.001

−0.195(− 0.593 ~ 0.204)

0.338

Abstraction

β (95% CI)

P Value

β (95% CI)

P Value

β (95% CI)

P Value

β (95% CI)

P Value

Unadjusted Model

−0.087(−0.252 ~ 0.078)

0.229

−0.069(− 0.227 ~ 0.088)

0.386

− 0.131(− 0.287 ~ 0.025)

0.101

−0.184(− 0.351 ~ − 0.0177)

0.031

Model 1

−0.056(− 0.221 ~ 0.108)

0.501

−0.042(− 0.198 ~ 0.113)

0.591

−0.086(− 0.244 ~ 0.072)

0.285

−0.150-0.315 ~ 0.015

0.075

Model 2

−0.015(− 0.207 ~ 0.178)

0.881

− 0.004(− 0.192 ~ 0.184)

0.967

−0.094(− 0.264 ~ 0.076)

0.277

−0.177(− 0.360 ~ 0.007)

0.059

Orientation

β (95% CI)

P Value

β (95% CI)

P Value

β (95% CI)

P Value

β (95% CI)

P Value

Unadjusted Model

−0.198(−0.430 ~ 0.033)

0.093

−0.241(− 0.482 ~ 0.000)

0.05

− 0.143(− 0.377 ~ 0.090)

0.229

−0.015(− 0.250 ~ 0.219)

0.897

Model 1

−0.184(− 0.421 ~ 0.053)

0.128

−0.224(− 0.468 ~ 0.019)

0.071

−0.088(− 0.331 ~ 0.156)

0.48

−0.008(− 0.243 ~ 0.227)

0.946

Model 2

0.030(−0.238 ~ 0.298)

0.826

−0.012(− 0.298 ~ 0.273)

0.932

−0.033(− 0.291 ~ 0.224)

0.8

0.021(− 0.234 ~ 0.276)

0.873

  1. Model 0: unadjusted model
  2. Model 1: linear regression adjusted for age, sex, race, and education
  3. Model 2: linear regression adjusted for age, sex, race, education, leisure-time physical activity, smoking status, current alcohol intake, depression, Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, previous history of coronary artery disease, and obesity