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Table 1 Participant’s Characteristics According to Sarcopenia by 2019 AWGS criteria (N = 428)

From: Associations of sarcopenia and its defining components with cognitive function in community-dwelling oldest old

 

Overall

Without Sarcopenia

With Sarcopenia

P Value

(n = 428)

(n = 276)

(n = 152)

Age (years), mean ± SD

86.34 ± 3.57

85.72 ± 3.34

87.48 ± 3.68

<.001

Female, n (%)

304 (60.32%)

171 (61.96%)

81 (53.29%)

0.081

Higher Education (above high school), n (%)

247 (49.40%)

139 (50.55%)

71 (47.02%)

0.78

Married, n (%)

298 (59.72%)

164 (59.42%)

93 (62.00%)

0.603

BMI, (kg/m2)

24.13 ± 4.61

25.12 ± 4.30

22.23 ± 2.82

<.001

Obesity, n (%)

108 (21.43%)

56 (20.29%)

5 (3.29%)

 

Low physical activity

240 (47.62%)

126 (45.65%)

77 (50.66%)

0.927

Smoke Status, n (%)

   

0.79

 Previous smoker

8 (1.60%)

5 (1.82%)

3 (1.97%)

 

 Current smoker

86 (17.20%)

45 (16.42%)

26 (17.11%)

 

 Never smoker

403 (80.60%)

221 (80.66%)

123 (80.92%)

 

Current Alcohol Use (> = 2–3 time/week), n (%)

253 (51.52%)

132 (48.88%)

80 (53.34%)

0.353

High comorbidity (Charlsen comorbidity index > 2)

115 (22.82%)

58 (21.01%)

33 (21.71%)

0.866

Hypertension, n (%)

362 (73.43%)

204 (74.73%)

104 (70.75%)

0.379

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

137 (27.57%)

74 (27.21%)

42 (27.81%)

0.893

History of Coronary Artery Disease, n (%)

264 (53.88%)

148 (54.61%)

73 (49.66%)

0.333

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), n (%)

152 (35.51%)

48 (17.39%)

44 (28.95%)

0.005

Depression, n (%)

47 (9.33%)

23 (8.33%)

10 (6.58%)

0.646

Poor Self-reported Health, n (%)

176 (35.20%)

80 (28.99%)

57 (38.00%)

0.057

MNA-SF(<=11)

65 (12.90%)

21 (7.61%)

31 (20.39%)

<.001

Physical function

 Handgrip Strength (kg),median (IQR)

22.8 (19.2–27.7)

23.8 (20.6–29.1)

20.65 (17.6–25.1)

<.001

 Usual gait speed(m/s),median (IQR)

0.85 (0.67–1.02)

0.93 (0.73–1.06)

0.79 (0.64–0.94)

<.001

 Time get up and go test (s),median (IQR)

11.92 (9.87–15.09)

11.51 (9.71–14.23)

13.44 (10.37–16.32)

0.011

 Five times Sit-to-stand(s),median (IQR)

14 (11.25–16.78)

13.57 (11.19–15.75)

15.00 (11.81–20.00)

0.011

SMI, median (IQR)

 Appendicular Lean Mass index (kg/m2)

6.32 (5.71–7.04)

6.62 (6.04–7.54)

5.60 (5.24–6.51)

0.425

 Appendicular Lean Mass to BMI ratio

0.69 (0.58–0.82)

0.72 (0.62–0.83)

0.65 (0.54–0.78)

0.477

  1. Notes: Values are means (± SD), median (inter - quartile range) or numbers (percentages). BMI body mass index, GDS Geriatric Depression Scale, MNA Mini Nutritional Assessment. p-values are based on the chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and the Mann–Whitney U test. Comorbidities were hypertension, myocardial infarction, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, angina pectoris, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, osteoarthritis, rheumarthritis, osteoporosis, asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as diagnosed by a physician
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BMC Geriatrics

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