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Table 1 Characteristics of the participants

From: Rice farming care as a novel method of green care farm in East Asian context: an implementation research

Mean ± SD

RFC group

(N = 15)

UC group

(N = 14)

Total

(N = 29)

F-value

P-value

Age

75.6 ± 9.8

79.9 ± 5.8

77.7 ± 8.3

2.057

0.163

year of education

9.5 ± 2.4

10.6 ± 1.4a

10.0 ± 2.1b

1.948

0.160

Score of MMSE

20.8 ± 4.3c

18.2 ± 7.7d

19.6 ± 6.2e

1.169

0.290

Score of WHO-5-J

17.5 ± 6.7

17.6 ± 4.8

17.6 ± 5.8

0.003

0.960

Sex (n (%))

  

Χ2

df

P-Value

 Male

11 (73.4%)

6 (42.9%)

2.773

1

0.096

 Female

4 (26.6%)

8 (57.1%)

   

Experience of rice-farming (n (%))

 Yes

10 (66.7%)

4 (28.6%)

4.209

1

0.040

 No

5 (33.3%)

10 (71.4%)

   

Two question (n (%))

 Negative

10 (66.7%)

11 (78.6%)

0.514

1.000

0.474

 Positive

5 (33.3%)

3 (21.4%)

   
  1. MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, WHO-5-J The Japanese version of the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index
  2. aN of missing value = 1
  3. bN of missing value = 1
  4. cN of missing value = 1
  5. dN of missing value = 1
  6. eN of missing value = 2