Table 1 Descriptive statistics (sample n = 8853)
Variables | Frequency | Percent | Mean | SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
 Age |  |  | 60.36 | 10.27 |
 Gender | ||||
  Male | 4918 | 55.5% |  |  |
  Female | 3935 | 44.5% |  |  |
 Marital | ||||
  Married | 7217 | 81.5% |  |  |
  Other | 1636 | 18.5% |  |  |
Individual Socioeconomic status | ||||
 Father’s education | ||||
  Literacy | 3907 | 44.1% |  |  |
  Illiteracy | 4946 | 55.9% |  |  |
 SRH-16 | ||||
  Poor | 535 | 6.0% |  |  |
  Fair | 1966 | 22.2% |  |  |
  Good | 1691 | 19.1% | 3.31 | 1.13 |
  Very good | 3546 | 40.1% |  |  |
  Excellent | 1115 | 12.6% |  |  |
 Education | ||||
  Literacy | 7030 | 79.4% |  |  |
  Illiteracy | 1823 | 20.6% |  |  |
 Income | ||||
  Log (income) |  |  | 8.63 | 1.74 |
 Hukou | ||||
  Agricultural hukou | 6604 | 74.6% |  |  |
  Non-agricultural hukou | 2249 | 25.4% |  |  |
Digital technology usage | ||||
 Internet usage | ||||
  Yes | 880 | 9.9% |  |  |
  No | 7973 | 90.1% |  |  |
 Mobile Phone usage | ||||
  Yes | 4675 | 52.8% |  |  |
  No | 4178 | 47.2% |  |  |
Depression status | ||||
 CES-D score |  |  | 7.31 | 6.10 |