Table 2 The changes of dietary consumption across baseline and follow-up by three FRAIL categories for males and females
Males | Females | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Follow-up | P value | Baseline | Follow-up | P value | |||
Vegetable | N | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
Health | 34,766 | 3.45 (2.58) | 3.59 (2.85) | < 0.001 | 36,173 | 4.44 (2.60) | 4.64 (2.91) | < 0.001 |
Pre-frail | 15,745 | 3.43 (2.66) | 3.60 (2.99) | < 0.001 | 21,543 | 4.41 (2.66) | 4.54 (3.06) | < 0.001 |
Frail | 1864 | 3.52 (2.75) | 3.50 (3.07) | 0.79 | 2948 | 4.18 (2.65) | 4.13 (3.11) | 0.45 |
Fruit | ||||||||
Health | 33,212 | 1.89 (1.43) | 1.97 (1.56) | < 0.001 | 35,067 | 2.17 (1.29) | 2.16 (1.40) | 0.004 |
Pre-frail | 14,852 | 1.84 (1.46) | 1.99 (1.63) | < 0.001 | 20,749 | 2.11 (2.33) | 2.15 (1.46) | 0.03 |
Frail | 1728 | 1.78 (1.49) | 1.99 (1.88) | < 0.001 | 2803 | 2.04 (1.38) | 2.07 (1.61) | 0.76 |
Grain | ||||||||
Health | 33,080 | 5.05 (2.70) | 4.96 (2.70) | < 0.001 | 34,280 | 4.84 (2.66) | 4.61 (2.73) | < 0.001 |
Pre-frail | 14,803 | 4.94 (2.76) | 4.93 (2.80) | 0.52 | 20,136 | 4.84 (2.73) | 4.62 (2.81) | < 0.001 |
Frail | 1723 | 4.90 (2.85) | 5.03 (2.75) | 0.01 | 2698 | 4.80 (2.90) | 4.59 (2.88) | < 0.01 |
Lean meats & poultry | ||||||||
Health | 34,766 | 6.88 (3.96) | 7.31 (3.53) | < 0.001 | 36,173 | 6.56 (3.52) | 6.91 (3.03) | < 0.001 |
Pre-frail | 15,745 | 6.80 (4.09) | 7.19 (3.93) | < 0.001 | 21,543 | 6.51 (3.65) | 6.87 (3.21) | < 0.001 |
Frail | 1864 | 6.70 (3.98) | 7.03 (3.79) | 0.003 | 2948 | 6.46 (3.94) | 6.62 (3.24) | 0.04 |
Alcohol | ||||||||
Health | 34,466 | 10.5 (11.2) | 9.86 (10.9) | < 0.001 | 35,707 | 5.13 (6.08) | 4.89 (6.04) | < 0.001 |
Pre-frail | 15,563 | 10.3 (12.4) | 8.74 (11.4) | < 0.001 | 21,114 | 4.34 (6.25) | 3.81 (5.95) | < 0.001 |
Frail | 1836 | 10.3 (14.1) | 7.25 (11.8) | < 0.001 | 2883 | 3.25 (5.91) | 2.43 (5.16) | < 0.001 |
Dietary risk scores | ||||||||
Health | 34,766 | 4.29 (1.48) | 4.18 (1.48) | < 0.001 | 36,173 | 3.74 (1.46) | 3,76 (1.47) | 0.02 |
Pre-frail | 15,745 | 4.30 (1.51) | 4.14 (1.50) | < 0.001 | 21,543 | 3.75 (1.50) | 3.77 (1.49) | 0.04 |
Frail | 1864 | 4.29 (1.52) | 4.10 (1.53) | < 0.001 | 2948 | 3.81 (1.53) | 3.92 (1.53) | < 0.01 |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||||
Dairy | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||||
Health | – | 34,019 (66.4) | 33,890 (66.6) | 0.63 | – | 35,392 (59.7) | 35,411 (59.7) | 0.89 |
Pre-frail | – | 15,372 (30.0) | 15,218 (29.9) | 0.67 | – | 21,052 (35.5) | 21,008 (35.4) | 0.80 |
Frail | – | 1822 (3.56) | 1802 (3.54) | 0.88 | – | 2863 (4.83) | 2882 (4.86) | 0.79 |
Food diversity | ||||||||
Health | – | 25,141 (67.8) | 25,351 (67.9) | 0.71 | – | 27,346 (60.8) | 26,884 (61.2) | 0.30 |
Pre-frail | – | 10,748 (29.0) | 10,782 (28.9) | 0.78 | – | 15,603 (34.7) | 15,132 (34.4) | 0.39 |
Frail | – | 1189 (3.21) | 1184 (3.17) | 0.79 | – | 1998 (4.45) | 1925 (4.38) | 0.64 |