Table 2 Characteristics of the patients included in the study, according to age and functional dependency
From: The prognostic role of functional dependency in older inpatients with COVID-19
Variable | Group 1 (age 65-79 years without severe functional dependency, n=69) | Group 2 (age ≥80 years without severe functional dependency, n=28) | Group 3 (age 65-79 years with severe functional dependency, n=32) | Group 4 (age ≥80 years with severe functional dependency, n=57) | *p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 71.1±3.8 | 83.7±2.8 | 73.2±4.1 | 87.9±5.3 | <0.001a,b,c,d,e,f |
Male sex | 37 (53.6%) | 7 (25.0%) | 18 (56.3%) | 18 (31.6%) | 0.007a,c,d,f |
Comorbid conditions | |||||
Hypertension | 55 (79.9%) | 22 (78.6%) | 31 (96.9%) | 46 (80.7%) | 0.14b,d,f |
Diabetes mellitus | 38 (55.1%) | 11 (39.3%) | 23 (71.9%) | 24 (42.1%) | 0.025a,b,c,d,f |
Cerebrovascular disease | 12 (17.4%) | 6 (21.4%) | 23 (71.9%) | 45 (78.9%) | <0.001b,c,d,e |
Renal failure | 16 (23.2%) | 15 (53.6%) | 14 (43.8%) | 30 (52.6%) | 0.003a,b,c |
Dementia | 2 (2.9%) | 1 (3.6%) | 23 (71.9%) | 48 (84.2%) | <0.001b,c,d,e |
Nursing-home residence | 1 (1.4%) | 2 (7.1%) | 18 (56.3%) | 33 (57.9%) | <0.001b,c,d,e |
Heart failure | 7 (10.1%) | 5 (17.9%) | 11 (34.4%) | 19 (33.3%) | 0.005b,c,d,e |
Obesity | 16 (23.2%) | 6 (21.4%) | 9 (28.1%) | 9 (15.8%) | 0.56 |
Coronary artery disease | 16 (23.2%) | 5 (17.9%) | 8 (25.0%) | 11 (19.3%) | 0.87 |
Pressure sores | 1 (1.4%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (21.9%) | 24 (42.1%) | <0.001b,c,d,e,f |
Chronic lung disease | 10 (14.5%) | 6 (21.4%) | 8 (25.0%) | 6 (10.0%) | 0.27 |
Malignant disease | 3 (4.3%) | 3 (10.7%) | 8 (15.6%) | 14 (24.6%) | 0.007c,e |
Laboratory data | |||||
Serum albumin on admission (normal 34-48 g/l) | 36.7±4.0 | 36.2±5.1 | 32.4±5.0 | 30.9±4.4 | <0.001b,c,d,e |
Serum CRP on admission (normal 0.3-5.0 mg/l) | 53.5 (17.7-123.7) | 34.9 (9.1-99.2) | 58.7 (18.4-136.6) | 52.6 (20.4-124.9) | 0.42 |
Pneumonia during hospitalization | 42 (60.9%) | 17 (60.7%) | 23 (71.9%) | 38 (66.7%) | 0.69 |
Treatment during hospitalization | |||||
Antibiotics | 44 (63.8%) | 18 (64.3%) | 24 (75.0%) | 47 (82.5%) | 0.098c,e |
Corticosteroids | 31 (44.9%) | 11 (39.3%) | 16 (50.0%) | 23 (40.4%) | 0.79 |
Convalescent plasma | 27 (39.1%) | 7 (25.0%) | 4 (12.5%) | 2 (3.5%) | <0.001a,b,c,e |
Tocilizumab | 23 (33.3%) | 8 (28.6%) | 6 (18.8%) | 2 (3.5%) | <0.001c,e,f |
Remdesivir | 23 (33.3%) | 7 (25.0%) | 1 (3.1%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001b,c,d,e |
Hydroxychloroquine | 8 (11.6%) | 2 (7.1%) | 5 (15.6%) | 12 (21.1%) | 0.32 |
Oxygen via nasal canula/mask | 31 (44.9%) | 8 (28.6%) | 7 (21.9%) | 29 (50.9%) | 0.001a,b,e,f |
High flow oxygen | 3 (4.3%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (15.6%) | 9 (15.8%) | 0.067d,e |
Mechanical ventilation | 4 (5.8%) | 4 (14.3%) | 6 (18.8%) | 8 (14.0%) | 0.23b |
Admission to the intensive care unit | 8 (11.6%) | 4 (14.3%) | 10 (31.3%) | 12 (21.1%) | 0.10b,d |
Mortality | 6 (8.7%) | 5 (17.9%) | 6 (18.3%) | 26 (45.6%) | <0.001c,e,f |