Table 1 Comparison of the characteristics of the intervention and control groups
Characteristic | Total N(%) | Intervention | Control | χ2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | ||||
Sex | |||||
Male | 190 (54.3) | 96 (57.5) | 94 (51.4) | 1.317 | 0.251 |
Female | 160 (45.7) | 71 (42.5) | 89 (48.6) | ||
Age | |||||
60–69 years | 175 (50.0) | 86 (51.5) | 89 (48.6) | 1.865 | 0.394 |
70–79 years | 135 (38.6) | 59 (35.3) | 76 (41.5) | ||
80 years or above | 40 (11.4) | 22 (13.2) | 18 (9.9) | ||
Education | |||||
No education | 79 (22.6) | 36 (21.6) | 43 (23.5) | 0.986 | 0.964 |
Primary school | 95 (27.1) | 47 (28.1) | 48 (26.2) | ||
Secondary school | 97 (27.7) | 48 (28.7) | 49 (26.8) | ||
High school | 54 (15.4) | 26 (15.6) | 28 (15.3) | ||
Junior college | 10 (2.9) | 4 (2.4) | 6 (3.3) | ||
University or above | 15 (4.3) | 6 (3.6) | 9 (4.9) | ||
Marital Status | |||||
Married | 244 (69.7) | 113 (67.7) | 131 (71.6) | 0.948 | 0.814 |
Never married | 16 (4.6) | 9 (5.4) | 7 (3.8) | ||
Divorced | 10 (2.9) | 5 (3.0) | 5 (2.7) | ||
Widowed | 80 (22.8) | 40 (23.9) | 40 (21.9) | ||
Living form | |||||
Living with spouse | 213 (60.8) | 101 (60.5) | 112 (61.2) | 0.919 | 0.821 |
Living alone | 78 (22.3) | 39 (23.3) | 39 (21.3) | ||
Living with parents | 50 (14.3) | 24 (14.4) | 26 (14.2) | ||
Living in a nursing home | 9 (2.6) | 3 (1.8) | 6 (3.3) | ||
Children visit frequency | |||||
Never visit | 4 (1.1) | 2 (1.2) | 2 (1.1) | 45.732 | < 0.001 |
Irregularly | 3 (0.9) | 1 (0.6) | 2 (1.1) | ||
Once more than half a year | 7 (2.0) | 4 (2.4) | 3 (1.6) | ||
Once every six months | 108 (30.9) | 51 (30.5) | 57 (31.2) | ||
1–2 times a month | 113 (32.3) | 52 (31.1) | 61 (33.3) | ||
Once a week | 52 (14.8) | 29 (17.4) | 23 (12.6) | ||
More than once a week | 63 (18.0) | 28 (16.8) | 35 (19.1) | ||
Employment status | |||||
Working | 35 (10.0) | 18 (10.8) | 17 (9.3) | 0.215 | 0.643 |
Not working | 315 (90.0) | 149 (89.2) | 166 (90.7) | ||
Income Source | |||||
Retirement pensions | 127 (36.3) | 64 (38.3) | 63 (34.4) | 2.665 | 0.751 |
Personal labor income | 58 (16.6) | 23 (13.8) | 35 (19.1) | ||
Child supply | 108 (30.9) | 54 (32.3) | 54 (29.5) | ||
Spouse supply | 20 (5.7) | 9 (5.4) | 11 (6.0) | ||
Social relief | 32 (9.1) | 14 (8.4) | 18 (9.9) | ||
Other | 5 (1.4) | 3 (1.8) | 2 (1.1) | ||
Monthly income | |||||
No income | 112 (32.0) | 51 (30.5) | 61 (33.3) | 1.922 | 0.589 |
< 1000 RMB | 88 (25.1) | 43 (25.8) | 45 (24.6) | ||
1000–3000 RMB | 90 (25.7) | 40 (23.9) | 50 (27.3) | ||
> 3000 RMB | 60 (17.2) | 33 (19.8) | 27 (14.8) | ||
Spousal relationship | |||||
Perfect | 125 (38.6) | 62 (40.5) | 63 (36.8) | 2.824 | 0.419 |
Good | 170 (52.5) | 79 (51.6) | 91 (53.2) | ||
Bad | 25 (7.7) | 9 (5.9) | 16 (9.4) | ||
Worst | 4 (1.2) | 3 (2.0) | 1 (0.6) | ||
Relationship with their children | |||||
Perfect | 119 (35.6) | 58 (36.7) | 61 (34.7) | 0.787 | 0.853 |
Good | 188 (56.3) | 86 (54.4) | 102 (57.9) | ||
Bad | 22 (6.6) | 12 (7.6) | 10 (5.7) | ||
Worst | 5 (1.5) | 2 (1.3) | 3 (1.7) | ||
Social activity participation | |||||
Most | 37 (10.6) | 19 (11.4) | 18 (9.8) | 1.419 | 0.701 |
More | 117 (33.4) | 60 (35.9) | 57 (31.2) | ||
Less | 154 (44.0) | 69 (41.3) | 85 (46.4) | ||
No | 42 (12.0) | 19 (11.4) | 23 (12.6) | ||
Self-care ability | |||||
Completely self-care | 282 (80.6) | 136 (81.4) | 146 (79.8) | 0.153 | 0.696 |
Partly self-care | 68 (19.4) | 31 (18.6) | 37 (20.2) | ||
Chronic disease | |||||
Yes | 109 (31.1) | 44 (26.4) | 65 (35.5) | 3.425 | 0.064 |
No | 241 (68.9) | 123 (73.6) | 118 (64.5) | ||