Table 1 Demographic information of living-with-dementia adults aged 65+ and their caregivers

Outcome: Caregiver burnout ***

1523 (15.5)

N/A

2322 (13.9)

N/A

 Caregiver feeling distress

3937 (40.2)

N/A

5265 (31.5)

N/A

 Caregiver unable to continue to care

4926 (50.3)

N/A

4187 (25.1)

N/A

 Female

5899 (60.2)

0.72 (0.65, 0.81)

9564 (57.2)

0.71 (0.65, 0.78)

  65–74

1148 (11.7)

Ref

2764 (16.5)

Ref

  75–84

4436 (45.3)

0.96 (0.81, 1.15)

7713 (46.1)

1.05 (0.92, 1.19)

  85+

4212 (43.0)

0.88 (0.74, 1.05)

6248 (37.4)

1.05 (0.92, 1.19)

  Never married/widowed/separated/divorced/other

5798 (59.2)

1.69 (1.51, 1.88)

7999 (47.8)

1.78 (1.62, 1.95)

  Married/civil union/defacto

3998 (40.8)

Ref

8721 (52.1)

Ref

  Alone

624 (6.4)

Ref

5526 (33.0)

Ref

  With spouse/partner only

888 (9.1)

1.91 (1.48, 2.47)

7419 (44.4)

2.15 (1.93, 2.40)

  With spouse/partner and others

1521 (15.5)

1.29 (1.01, 1.65)

1500 (9.0)

1.73 (1.46, 2.05)

  With child or others

6763 (69.0)

0.73 (0.58, 0.92)

2280 (13.6)

1.48 (1.27, 1.72)

 Perceived to be better-off living elsewhere ***

6262 (63.9)

2.32 (2.04, 2.64)

4994 (29.9)

1.63 (1.48, 1.79)

 Chinese

N/A

N/A

218 (1.3)

1.16 (0.80, 1.68)

 Asian other than Chinese

N/A

N/A

212 (1.3)

0.86 (0.57, 1.31)

 European

N/A

N/A

14,322 (85.6)

0.91 (0.80, 1.04)

 Maori

N/A

N/A

1077 (6.4)

0.97 (0.81, 1.16)

 Middle Eastern/Latin American/African

N/A

N/A

84 (0.5)

1.03 (0.56, 1.91)

 Pacific peoples

N/A

N/A

687 (4.1)

0.71 (0.55, 0.91)

 Others

N/A

N/A

118 (0.7)

1.34 (0.84, 2.16)

 Cantonese/ Mandarin/ Other Chinese dialect

9732 (99.3)

Ref

N/A

N/A

 English

14 (0.1)

0.90 (0.20, 4.04)

N/A

N/A

 Other dialect

50 (0.5)

0.60 (0.24, 1.52)

N/A

N/A

 Stay in hospital within 7 days ***

1102 (11.2)

0.95 (0.83, 1.09)

4474 (26.8)

1.63 (1.48, 1.79)

  Adequate

3890 (39.7)

Ref

8815 (52.7)

Ref

  Minimal difficulty

4229 (43.2)

0.83 (0.74, 0.94)

4499 (26.9)

1.00 (0.90, 1.11)

  Moderate to severe difficulty

1677 (17.1)

1.09 (0.994, 1.27)

3407 (20.4)

1.35 (1.21, 1.51)

  Adequate

2932 (29.9)

Ref

12,155 (72.7)

Ref

  Minimal difficulty

5743 (58.6)

0.99 (0.88, 1.12)

3261 (19.5)

1.19 (1.07, 1.33)

  Moderate to severe difficulty

1121 (11.4)

0.75 (0.61, 0.91)

1305 (7.8)

1.41 (1.21, 1.64)

 3+ IADL items with difficulties

9672 (98.7)

3.11 (1.56, 7.36)

15,901 (95.1)

3.29 (2.39, 4.53)

  Independent

3723 (38.0)

Ref

7392 (44.2)

Ref

  Supervision

2163 (22.1)

0.99 (0.85, 1.14)

4115 (24.6)

2.28 (2.03, 2.56)

  Limited to total dependence

3910 (39.9)

0.87 (0.77, 0.99)

5217 (31.2)

2.63 (2.36, 2.93)

 Fall in last 90 days

3029 (30.9)

1.17 (1.04, 1.31)

6356 (38.0)

1.38 (1.26, 1.50)

 Behavioral problems in past 3 days ***

2317 (23.7)

1.90 (1.68, 2.13)

3162 (18.9)

2.61 (2.37, 2.87)

 Mood problem in past 3 days ***

1304 (13.4)

1.74 (1.51, 2.00)

2117 (12.7)

2.51 (2.25, 2.80)

  Dementia only

1715 (17.5)

Ref

10,008 (59.8)

Ref

  Stroke & dementia

637 (6.5)

0.71 (0.54, 0.92)

1337 (8.0)

1.05 (0.89, 1.24)

  CVD & dementia

4272 (43.6)

0.90 (0.78, 1.04)

4274 (25.6)

1.06 (0.95, 1.17)

  CVD, stroke & dementia

3172 (32.4)

0.79 (0.68, 0.93)

1106 (6.6)

1.21 (1.02, 1.44)

  Child or child-in-law

5503 (56.2)

1.27 (1.08, 1.50)

7420 (44.4)

1.16 (0.97, 1.38)

  Spouse/partner/significant other

2303 (23.5)

2.92 (2.46, 3.46)

7653 (45.8)

2.07 (1.73, 2.46)

  Parent/guardian/sibling/other relative or whanau/friends

1990 (20.3)

Ref

1652 (9.9)

Ref

 Primary caregiver lives with care-recipient ***

4629 (47.3)

1.50 (2.35, 1.68)

10,691 (63.9)

1.99 (1.79, 2.20)

 Primary caregiver provides IADL care ***

9171 (93.6)

2.98 (2.17, 4.23)

14,535 (86.9)

0.80 (0.71, 0.91)

 Primary caregiver provides ADL care

7440 (75.9)

3.22 (2.72, 3.85)

7979 (47.7)

1.64 (1.50, 1.79)

 Primary caregiver provides more than 21 h of care in a week

2504 (25.6)

1.65 (1.47, 1.85)

7192 (43.0)

1.44 (1.32, 1.57)

 Home services***

166 (1.7)

2.60 (1.86, 3.61)

4157 (24.9)

0.94 (0.85, 1.04)

 Visiting nurse*

600 (6.1)

1.37 (1.11, 1.69)

963 (5.8)

0.98 (0.81, 1.18)

 Allied-health services ***

407 (4.2)

0.45 (0.31, 0.64)

2074 (12.4)

1.50 (1.33, 1.69)

 Hospital services **

5753 (58.7)

1.10 (0.98, 1.23)

5934 (35.5)

1.37 (1.25, 1.50)