Table 1 Characteristics of fall-related head injury and non-head injury in the older adults
From: Characteristics of fall‐related head injury versus non‐head injury in the older adults
Head injury (n = 14,433) | Non-head injury (n = 19,933) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
Average age, yrs | 72.8.3 ± 8.6 | 74.5 ± 8.8 | 0.000 |
Age group, years old, (%) | 0.000 | ||
60 ~ 69 | 5793 (40.1) | 6457 (32.4) | |
70 ~ 79 | 5263 (36.5) | 7385 (37.0) | |
≥ 80 | 3377 (23.4) | 6091 (30.6) | |
Sex, male (%) | 7795 (54.0) | 5747 (28.8) | 0.000 |
Season of injury occurrence (%) | 0.258 | ||
Spring (March ~ May) | 3355 (23.2) | 4487 (22.5) | |
Summer(June ~ August) | 3338 (23.1) | 4603 (23.1) | |
Autumn (September ~ November) | 3963 (27.5) | 5466 (27.4) | |
Winter (December ~ February) | 3777 (26.2) | 5377 (27.4) | |
Time of injury occurrence (%) | 0.000 | ||
00:00–05:59 | 2273 (15.7) | 3615 (18.1) | |
06:00–11:59 | 2539 (17.6) | 4528 (22.7) | |
12:00–17:59 | 4704 (32.6) | 6918 (34.7) | |
18:00–23:59 | 4917 (34.1) | 4872 (24.4) | |
Location of injury occurrence (%) | n = 14,406 | n = 19,895 | 0.000 |
Residential facility | 6696 (46.5) | 11,326 (56.9) | |
Medical facility | 359 (2.5) | 556 (2.8) | |
Sports facility or work place | 309 (2.1) | 498 (2.5) | |
Transportation area | 5238 (36.4) | 5295 (26.6) | |
Public or commercial facility | 1361 (9.4) | 1375 (6.9) | |
Other outdoor area | 443 (3.1) | 845 (4.2) | |
Indoor or outdoor fall injury (%) | n = 14,417 | n = 19,922 | 0.000 |
Outdoor | 7375 (50.9) | 8228 (41.3) | |
Activity during injury occurrence (%) | n = 14,170 | n = 19,529 | 0.000 |
Paid work | 291 (2.1) | 439 (2.2) | |
Unpaid work | 534 (3.8) | 709 (3.6) | |
Sports or leisure activity | 2547 (18.0) | 2769 (14.2) | |
Daily activity | 10,798 (76.2) | 15,612 (79.9) | |
Alcohol ingestion, case n/total n (%) | 2601/11,534 (22.6) | 652/14,974 (4.4) | 0.000 |
Education (%) | n = 1224 | n = 2995 | 0.001 |
Uneducated or elementary school | 570 (46.6) | 1570 (52.4) | |
Junior high school | 214 (17.5) | 499 (16.7) | |
High school | 270 (22.1) | 614 (20.5) | |
≥ College | 170 (13.9) | 312 (10.4) | |
Occupation, employed or unemployed (%) | n = 3064 | n = 9230 | 0.000 |
Employed | 513 (16.7) | 685 (7.4) | |
Mechanism of fall (%) | 0.000 | ||
Fall from stairs | 2243 (15.5) | 2220 (11.1) | |
Slip down on same level | 6157 (42.7) | 9643 (48.4) | |
Others including fall over | 6033 (41.8) | 8070 (40.5) | |
Environment of floor while occur fall (%) | |||
Slippery condition of floor or non-slippery | n = 14,261 | n = 19,590 | 0.000 |
Slippery | 1165 (8.2) | 2324 (11.9) | |
Type of floor, concrete or others | n = 14,273 | n = 19,582 | 0.000 |
Concrete | 12,024 (84.2) | 15,338 (78.3) | |
Slope of floor, sloping or flat | n = 14,302 | n = 19,646 | 0.000 |
Sloping | 1981 (13.9) | 2275 (11.6) | |
Existing of obstacle, yes or none | n = 14,306 | n = 19,649 | 0.000 |
Yes | 1708 (11.9) | 1905 (9.9) | |
Blood pressure, mmHg | n = 12,000 | n = 16,280 | |
Systolic blood pressure | 142.1 ± 27.4 | 142.2 ± 25.3 | 0.813 |
Diastolic blood pressure | 80.0 ± 14.5 | 79.2 ± 13.9 | 0.000 |
Transportation to ED (%) | 0.000 | ||
Public ambulance | 6588 (45.6) | 7231 (36.3) | |
Other medical facility | 1377 (9.5) | 3076 (15.4) | |
Individual transportation | 6468 (44.8) | 9626 (48.3) | |
Consciousness at ED (%) | n = 11,124 | n = 15,546 | 0.000 |
Alert | 10,331 (92.9) | 15,424 (99.2) | |
Verbal response | 480 (4.3) | 94 (0.6) | |
Pain response | 254 (2.3) | 19 (0.1) | |
Unresponsive | 59 (0.5) | 9 (0.1) | |
Major injury region | |||
Head and neck | 14,433 (100.0) | ||
Thorax | 1712 (8.6) | ||
Abdomen | 2556 (12.8) | ||
Upper extremity | 4801 (24.1) | ||
Hip and thigh | 6348 (31.8) | ||
Lower extremity | 2624 (13.2) | ||
Multiple body region | 1892 (9.5) | ||
EMR-ISS | 16.3 ± 11.7 (n = 14,414) | 11.3 ± 8.1 (n = 19,897) | 0.000 |
Result of ED treatment (%) | |||
Discharge | 11,196 (77.6) | 10,813 (54.2) | 0.000 |
Transfer to other facility | 423 (2.9) | 422 (2.1) | |
Admission to general ward | 1626 (11.3) | 8362 (42.0) | |
Admission to intensive care unit | 1158 (8.0) | 324 (1.6) | |
Death at emergency department | 30 (0.2) | 12 (0.1) | |
Operation, case n/total n (%) | 1187/10,697 (11.1) | 4064/15,287 (26.6) | 0.000 |
Severe patients (%) | 1425 (9.9) | 748 (3.8) | 0.000 |