Table 1 Sociodemographic of participants categorized based on fallers and non-fallers
From: Fall awareness behaviour and its associated factors among community dwelling older adults
Variables | Total Participants (n = 144) | Fallers (n = 31; 21.5%) | Non-fallers (n = 113; 78.5%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic profiles | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Age; mean (SD) | 70.69 (4.3) | 71.45 (4.6) | 70.49 (4.2) | 0.27 |
 MMSE; mean (SD) | 27.88 (1.6) | 27.71 (1.4) | 27.92 (1.7) | 0.53 |
 GDS; mean (SD) | 1.49 (1.5) | 1.58 (1.5) | 1.47 (1.5) | 0.71 |
 Sex; n (%) |  |  |  | 0.03* |
  Male | 71 (49.3) | 10 (14.1) | 61 (85.9) |  |
  Female | 73 (50.7) | 21 (28.8) | 52 (71.2) | |
 Race; n (%) |  |  |  | 0.15 |
  Malay | 65 (45.1) | 10 (15.4) | 55 (84.6) |  |
  Chinese | 60 (41.7) | 16 (26.7) | 44 (73.3) | |
  India | 19 (13.2) | 5 (26.3) | 14 (73.7) | |
 Education level; n (%) |  |  |  | 0.28 |
  No education | 8 (5.6) | 3 (37.5) | 5 (62.5) |  |
  Primary | 40 (27.8) | 9 (22.5) | 31 (77.5) | |
  Secondary | 70 (48.6) | 14 (20.0) | 56 (80.8) | |
  Tertiary | 24 (16.7) | 5 (20.8) | 19 (79.2) | |
  Others | 2 (1.4) | 0 | 2 (100) | |
 Marital status; n (%) |  |  |  | 0.81 |
  Single | 2 (1.4) | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) |  |
  Married | 112 (77.8) | 23 (20.5) | 89 (79.5) |  |
  Divorce | 2 (1.4) | 0 | 2 (100.0) | |
  Others | 28 (19.4) | 7 (25.0) | 21 (75.0) | |
 Working status; n (%) |  |  |  | 0.20 |
  Not working/ housewife | 64 (44.4) | 17 (26.6) | 47 (73.4) |  |
  Retired | 63 (43.8) | 11 (17.5) | 52 (82.5) | |
  Retired but working | 5 (3.5) | 2 (40.0) | 3 (60.0) | |
  Working | 12 (8.3) | 1 (8.3) | 11 (91.7) | |
 Living status; n (%) |  |  |  | 0.29 |
  Living alone | 4 (2.8) | 2 (50.0) | 2 (50.0) |  |
  Living with husband/ wife | 46 (31.9) | 12 (26.1) | 34 (73.9) | |
  Living with husband/ wife/ child/ grandchild | 88 (61.1) | 15 (17.0) | 73 (83.0) | |
  Others | 6 (4.2) | 2 (33.3) | 4 (66.7) | |
 BMI (kg/m2); mean (SD) | 26.30 (5.29) | 25.26 (4.5) | 26.62 (5.5) | 0.20 |
Clinical factors | ||||
 No of comorbidity; n (%) |  |  |  | 0.09 |
  No comorbidity | 4 (2.8) | 0 | 4 (100.0) | |
  One comorbidity | 19 (13.2) | 2 (10.5) | 17 (89.5) | |
   ≥ 2 comorbidities | 121 (84.0) | 29 (24.0) | 92 (76.0) | |
 No of medication; n (%) |  |  |  | 0.46 |
   < 3 medication | 106 (73.6) | 20 (18.9) | 86 (81.1) | |
   ≥ 3 medication | 38 (26.4) | 11 (28.9) | 27 (71.1) | |
 Falls history in past 12 months; n (%) |  |  |  | 0.001* |
  No falls | 113 (78.5) | 0 | 113 (100) |  |
   ≥ One fall | 31 (21.5) | 31 (100) | 0 | |
Falls knowledge | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 FRAQ; mean (SD) | 12.30 (3.0) | 12.10 (3.3) | 12.35 (2.9) | 0.67 |
Falls behaviours | ||||
 FaB; mean (SD) | 53.30 (9.5) | 50.77 (7.7) | 53.97 (9.9) | 0.10 |
Physical test | ||||
 Timed up and go test (sec); mean (SD) | 10.17 (1.6) | 10.41 (1.9) | 10.10 (1.5) | 0.34 |
 6 m Gait speed test (m/ sec); mean (SD) | 1.12 (0.7) | 1.29 (1.4) | 1.07 (0.2) | 0.42 |
 30 s Chair stand test; mean (SD) | 11.4 (2.4) | 11.74 (2.9) | 11.30 (2.3) | 0.37 |
 Dominant Hand grip strength test (kg); mean (SD) | 21.37 (6.8) | 19.61 (6.4) | 21.85 (6.9) | 0.11 |