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Table 2 Scale Items and Factor Loadings

From: The psychometric evaluation of the sense of belonging instrument (SOBI) with Iranian older adults

Items

EFA

CFA

λ

λ1

21

λ2

22

H

Fitting In Scale

.56

.32

.85

 I am troubled by feeling like I have no place in this world.

.82

.85

.72

 I feel like I observe life rather participate in it.

.87

.77

.77

 I feel like a square peg trying to fit into a round hole.

.70

.62

.38

 I feel left out of things.

.64

.72

.52

Social Esteem Scale

.67

.45

.85

 I could disappear for days and it wouldn’t matter to my family.

.70

.74

.55

 If I died tomorrow, very few people would come to my...

.85

.79

.63

 I could not see or call my friends for days and it wouldn’t...

.67

.76

.57

 I am not valued by or important to my friends.

.78

.76

.58

Collective Self Scale

.86

74

.82

 It is important to me that I am valued or accepted by others.

.63

.47

.22

 I have qualities that can be important to others.

.65

.76

.57

 It is important to me that my thoughts and opinions are valued.

.75

.73

.53

 Generally, other people recognize my strengths and good.

.60

.78

.60

Self-Awareness Scale

.72

.51

.83

 I would describe myself as a misfit in most social situations.

.54

.64

.41

 I generally feel that people accept me.

.67

.75

.57

 I feel like a piece of a jig-saw puzzle that doesn’t fit into the.

.82

.76

.58

 I would like to make a difference to people or things around

.50

49

.24

Overall Sense of Belonging Scale

.83

  1. Note. EFA exploratory factor analyses; CFA confirmatory factor analysis. λ1 = item loadings for first-order factors; 21 = indicator reliability for first-order factor items; λ2 = first-order factor loading for second-order factor; 22 = indicator reliability for second-order factor indicators; H = latent construct reliability for first-order and second-order factors