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Table 4 Direct, indirect, and total effects of the modified model (N = 170)

From: Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and family caregiver burden: a path analysis

Endogenous variables

Exogenous variables

C.R.

(p)

SMC

Direct effect

Indirect effect

Total effect

SE (p)

SE (p)

SE (p)

Hyperactivity symptoms

Activities of daily living

−2.41

(0.016)

0.18

−0.19

(0.016)

  

−0.19

(0.016)

Instrumental activities of daily living

3.34

(<.001)

0.27

(<.001)

  

0.27

(<.001)

Psychosis symptoms

Stages of Dementia

3.02

(0.003)

0.20

0.22

(0.003)

  

0.22

(0.003)

Instrumental activities of daily living

3.71

(<.001)

0.28

(<.001)

  

0.28

(<.001)

Physical behaviour symptoms

Stages of Dementia

4.00

(<.001)

0.19

0.27

(<.001)

  

0.27

(<.001)

Activities of daily living

−3.96

(<.001)

−0.27

(<.001)

  

−0.27

(<.001)

Family caregiver’s burden

Hyperactivity symptom

6.19

(<.001)

0.78

0.30

(<.001)

  

0.30

(<.001)

Psychosis symptom

9.69

(<.001)

0.47

(<.001)

  

0.47

(<.001)

Physical behaviour symptom

5.96

(<.001)

0.28

(<.001)

  

0.28

(<.001)

Stages of Dementia

     

0.18

(0.002)

0.18

(0.002)

Activities of daily living

     

−0.13

(0.005)

−0.13

(0.005)

Instrumental activities of daily living

     

0.21

(0.005)

0.21

(0.005)

  1. C.R. Critical Ratio, SMC Squared Multiple Correlation, SE Standard Estimates