Fig. 5
From: Frailty status as a potential factor in increased postoperative opioid use in older adults
Pain ratings for frail and non-frail patients using comparable 11-point pain scales. Preoperative assessment was done at the pre-anesthesia clinic using the visual analog scale. Hospitalization ranged from 1 to 26 days and assessment was done using numerical rating score and verbal rating score. Assessment after hospital discharge used numerical rating score. Hospitalization Day 0 pain scores are after surgery on the day of surgery. Patients with frailty had more pain 7 days after hospital discharge (6.5 vs. 3.0, p < 0.05) compared to patients without frailty, but patients had no differences in pain scores on the day of surgery or during hospitalization. *p < 0.05