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Table 1 Characteristics of the overall population at baseline and comparisons in subjects with and without post-operative delirium

From: Delirium in older patients undergoing aortic valve replacement: incidence, predictors, and cognitive prognosis

Characteristics

Total population

N = 93 (100%)

Post-operative delirium

p-value‡‡

Yes

N = 21 (22.6%)

No

N = 72 (77.4%)

SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC

 Age (years)

Median / IQR

82.1 / 10.3

83.1 / 7.6

81.8 / 10.1

.038

 Male sex (%)

51 (54.8)

13 (61.9)

38 (52.8)

.460

 Living at home n(%)

91 (98.9)

21 (100.0)

70 (98.6)

1.000

 Receiving formal inhome help n(%)

22 (23.9)

8 (38.1)

14 (19.7)

.083

GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT

 MMSE score *

Median / IQR

28.0 / 3.0

27.0 / 3.0

28.0 / 3.0

.029

 Clock Drawing Test †

Median / IQR

10.0 / 2.0

9.0 / 2.0

10.0 / 2.0

.445

 Depressive symptoms ‡ n(%)

23 (24.7)

4 (19.1)

19 (26.4)

.577

 Basic ADLs §

Median / IQR

6.0 / 0.0

6.0 / 0.0

6.0 / 0.0

.544

 Instrumental ADLs

Median / IQR

8.0 / 2.0

7.0 / 3.0

8.0 / 1.5

.038

 Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment ¶

Median / IQR

28.0 / 5.0

27.0 / 5.0

28.0 / 4.0

.279

 Gait speed #

 Median / IQR (m/s)

0.68 / 0.56

0.65 / 0.56

0.70 / 0.56

.443

SURGICAL RISK SCORES

 STS risk score **

  Median/IQR

3.4/2.7

4.7/2.7

2.9/2.3

.020

  • High risk (score > 8), n(%)

  • Intermediate risk (score > 3 and ≤ 8),n(%)

  • Low risk (score ≤ 3), n(%)

9 (9.7)

40 (43.0)

44 (47.3)

4 (19.1)

12 (57.1)

5 (23.8)

5 (6.9)

28 (38.9)

39 (54.2)

.023

Euroscore 2 ††

  Median/ IQR

High risk (score ≥ 15), n(%)

4.2 / 3.9

3 (3.2)

4.2 / 5.7

2 (9.5)

4.2 / 3.8

1 (1.4)

.308

.127

  1. (*) MMSE Mini Mental Status Examination [38]; scores range from 0 to 30, with higher score indicating better cognitive performance
  2. (†) CDT: Clock Drawing Test [39]; scores range from 0 to 10 with higer score indicating higher cognitive performance
  3. (‡) mini Geriatric Depression Scale [40]; scores range from 0 to 4 with significant depressive symptoms if score ≥ 1/4
  4. (§) Basic ADLs: Basic Activities of Daily Living [36]: bathing, dressing, using the toilet, transferring between bed and chair, maintaining continence, and feeding; scores range from 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating higher function
  5. () Instrumental ADLs: Instrumental Activities of Daily Living [37]: using the phone, grocery shopping, cooking, housekeeping, doing the laundry, using transportation, taking medications, and handling finances; scores range from 0 to 8, with higher scores indicating higher function
  6. (¶) Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment [41]: scores range from 0 to 28 with higher scores indicating better balance
  7. (#) Gait speed: measured at usual pace over 6 m
  8. (**) STS risk score = Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk score in cardiac surgery [43]:
  9. “Low risk” if score ≤ 3; “Intermediate risk” if score > 3 and ≤ 8; “High risk” if score > 8
  10. (††) Euroscore II = risk score in cardiac surgery [44]: indicates postoperative mortality rate
  11. (‡‡) P-values from Wilcoxon rank-sum and Fischer exact test for continuous and categorical variables, respectively