Skip to main content

Table 1 Descriptive characteristics from included studies

From: Association between components of the delirium syndrome and outcomes in hospitalised adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study ID

Country

Study Design

Setting

Total N

Delirium N (%)

Dementia N (%)

Age (y), mean (SD)

Female (%)

Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Co-morbid illness / illness severity

Delirium Diagnosis/Screening Tool

Delirium diagnosed by

Bellelli 2015a

Italy

Prospective cohort study

Acute hospital medical wards

2521

72 (2.9)

28 (38.9)

79.1 (7.3)

50.8

Aged ā‰„65; SBT assessment ā‰¤72ā€‰h of admission

Comatose; Incomplete data

Dementia: ICD-9;Cognitive Impairment: SBT; Co-morbid illness/Illness Severity: Not reported

ICD-9-CM

Attending Physician

Diwell 2018

UK

Prospective cohort study

Acute hospital medical wards

610

271 (44.4)

129 (47.6)

83 (7)

59

Aged ā‰„70;Unplanned medical admission; admitted ā‰„48ā€‰h

Non-English speaker

Dementia/Cognitive Impairment: Not reported; Co-morbid illness: CCI; Illness Severity: APACHE II

s-CAM

Psychiatrist

Hall 2013a

UK

Prospective cohort study

Hospital orthopaedic wards

108

44 (40.7)

Not reported

80

61

Aged ā‰„60; Admitted to orthopaedic wards; Acute hip fracture & spinal anaesthesia

Nursing home resident; Taken oral/inhaled steroids ā‰¤10ā€‰weeks; Parkinsonā€™s disease /comorbid disease with prognosis ā‰¤1ā€‰year; Communication difficulties

Dementia/Cognitive impairment: Not reported; Co-morbid illness: CCI; Illness Severity: APACHE II

CAM; DRS-R98; EDTB; OSLA; RASS

Geriatrician

Han 2017

USA

Secondary analysis of two prospective cohort studies

Emergency Department

1084

155 (14.3)

91 (8.4)

77 (71ā€“84) median with IQR

59.4

Aged ā‰„65; In EDā€‰ā‰¤ā€‰12ā€‰h

Non-English speaker; Persistent coma; Unable to follow simple commands before acute illness

Dementia/Cognitive impairment: IQCODE; Co-morbid illness/Illness Severity: Not reported

CAM-ICU; RASS

Research Assistants; Emergency Medical Technicians; Paramedics; Psychiatrist

Jackson 2018b

UK

Prospective cohort study

Acute hospital medical wards

125

125 (100)

71 (57)

84.4 (6.5)

63

Aged ā‰„70 with unplanned medical admission; Meet DSM-IV-TR criteria

Unable to communicate due to sensory impairment; Inability to communicate in English; End of life

Dementia/ Cognitive impairment: IQCODE; Co-morbid illness: CCI; Illness Severity: APACHE II

CAM; DSM-IV-TR; DRS-R98; OSLA

Geriatrician

Garcez 2020

Brazil

Retrospective cohort study

Geriatric hospital wards

1554

445 (28)

872 (56)

81 (8)

61

Aged ā‰„65 nonelective hospitalisation; arousal assessment on admission using validated instrument

Discharged or died within 38ā€‰h of admission

Dementia/Cognitive impairment: IQCODE and Clinical Dementia Rating; Co-morbid illness: CCI; Illness Severity: Not reported

s-CAM

Clinical geriatrics fellow and revised by geriatrician

  1. Notes: Data are given as means (standard deviation, SD), median (interquartile ranges, IQR) or number (%). SBT: Short Blessed Test; CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index, a weighted scale used to measure comorbidity burden; APS/APACHE II: Acute Physiology Score/Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, both scales used to quantify severity of illness; IQCODE: Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly; RASS: Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale; s-CAM: short Confusion Assessment Method; CAM-ICU: CAM for the Intensive Care Unit. OSLA: Observational Scale of Level of Arousal (score range 0ā€“15), a bidirectional bedside scale of arousal. EDTB: Edinburgh Delirium Test Box. DRS-R98: Delirium RatingĀ Scale-Revised 98; ICD; International Classification of Diseases; DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ED: Emergency Department. aAuthor provided additional summary data. bAuthor provided draft unpublished article