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Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the socioeconomic characteristics of women providing different intensities of informal care in China

From: The effect of socioeconomic status on informal caregiving for parents among adult married females: evidence from China

Characteristic

All

n (%)

Non-caregiver

n (%)

Low-intensity caregiver

n (%)

High-intensity caregiver

n (%)

P-value

Total

2661

1660 (62.38)

566 (21.27)

435 (16.35)

 

Socioeconomic status

Educational attainment

    

< 0.001

 Illiteracy

638 (23.98)

435 (26.20)

129 (22.79)

74 (17.01)

 

 Primary school degree

510 (19.17)

343 (20.66)

91 (16.08)

76 (17.47)

 

 Junior school degree

864 (32.47)

542 (32.65)

190 (33.57)

132 (30.34)

 

 High school degree

370 (13.90)

199 (11.99)

91 (16.08)

80 (18.39)

 

 University or above

279 (10.48)

141 (8.49)

65 (11.48)

73 (16.78)

 

Hukou status

    

< 0.001

 Rural

1561 (58.66)

1041 (62.71)

303 (53.53)

217 (49.89)

 

 Urban

1100 (41.34)

619 (37.29)

263 (46.47)

218 (50.11)

 

Inflation-adjusted total annual household income, mean

37,733.288

(49,881.883)

34,228.794

(39,162.028)

39,384.547

(46,397.966)

48,195.006

(80,188.047)

< 0.001

Employment status

    

0.026

 Unemployed

642 (25.72)

396 (25.47)

121 (22.79)

125 (30.49)

 

 Employed

1854 (74.28)

1159 (74.53)

410 (77.21)

285 (69.51)

 

Demographic characteristics

Age, mean (SD)

41.09 (7.03)

40.75 (7.24)

41.94 (6.41)

41.28 (6.89)

0.002

Number of siblings

2.95 (1.66)

2.89 (1.71)

2.98 (1.63)

3.14 (1.51)

0.017

Number of care recipient

    

0.003

 1

1937 (72.79)

1244 (74.94)

411 (72.61)

282 (64.83)

 

 2

527 (19.80)

301 (18.13)

113 (19.96)

113 (25.98)

 

 3

126 (4.74)

69 (4.16)

30 (5.30)

27 (6.21)

 

 4

71 (2.67)

46 (2.77)

12 (2.12)

13 (2.99)

 

Average care intensity (total care hours / parent numbers)

4.57 (13.42)

0

3.34 (2.20)

23.59 (25.55)

< 0.001

Age of care recipient

    

0.002

 <50

51 (1.92)

44 (2.65)

5 (0.88)

2 (0.46)

 

  ≥ 50

2610 (98.08)

1616 (97.35)

561 (99.12)

433 (99.54)

 

Wave, n (%)

    

< 0.001

 1993

258 (9.70)

183 (11.02)

52 (9.19)

23 (5.29)

 

 1997

288 (10.82)

196 (11.81)

56 (9.89)

36 (8.28)

 

 2000

345 (12.97)

226 (13.61)

72 (12.72)

47 (10.80)

 

 2004

411 (15.45)

269 (16.20)

82 (14.49)

60 (13.79)

 

 2006

343 (12.89)

229 (13.80)

56 (9.89)

58 (13.33)

 

 2009

274 (10.30)

164 (9.88)

60 (10.60)

50 (11.49)

 

 2011

365 (13.72)

201 (12.11)

90 (15.90)

74 (17.01)

 

 2015

377 (14.17)

192 (11.57)

98 (17.31)

87 (20.00)

 
  1. Note: χ2 tests were conducted with the categorical variables, and analysis of variance was conducted with the continuous variables; SD referes to the standard deviation