Table 3 Factors associated with decreased physical activity and conversation time, and enhanced handwashing

Age

0.97

(0.84–1.12)

0.95

(0.80–1.13)

0.86

(0.75–1.00) ^e

0.85

(0.72–1.00)

0.99

(0.87–1.13)

1.02

(0.88–1.19)

Sex (female)

1.23

(0.83–1.83)

1.18

(0.69–2.02)

1.09

(0.74–1.59)

1.07

(0.64–1.80)

1.72

(1.20–2.47)^e

1.90

(1.17–3.08)^e

High education

0.77

(0.52–1.15)

0.69

(0.43–1.10)

1.01

(0.69–1.48)

0.97

(0.62–1.51)

1.26

(0.88–1.80)

1.44

(0.95–2.18)

Living alone

1.03

(0.66–1.61)

0.96

(0.56–1.65)

0.92

(0.60–1.42)

0.86

(0.51–1.44)

1.40

(0.93–2.10)

1.24

(0.76–2.03)

Widowed

1.15

(0.77–1.71)

1.09

(0.65–1.85)

1.10

(0.75–1.61)

1.25

(0.75–2.07)

1.30

(0.91–1.87)

1.08

(0.67–1.73)

Current alcohol use

1.15

(0.77–1.72)

1.35

(0.86–2.13)

0.95

(0.65–1.41)

1.02

(0.65–1.59)

0.93

(0.65–1.34)

0.97

(0.64–1.48)

Current smoker

0.59

(0.19–1.78)

0.67

(0.17–2.57)

0.78

(0.30–2.06)

0.69

(0.20–2.36)

0.46

(0.18–1.17)

0.76

(0.26–2.18)

Overweight

0.99

(0.63–1.55)

1.19

(0.73–1.94)

0.89

(0.58–1.37)

1.12

(0.70–1.82)

1.26

(0.84–1.89)

1.19

(0.76–1.86)

Self-rated health^a

0.97

(0.65–1.45)

0.91

(0.58–1.44)

0.71

(0.48–1.05)

0.73

(0.47–1.13)

1.30

(0.90–1.87)

1.09

(0.73–1.64)

MMSE (≤23)

0.58

(0.31–1.05)

0.56

(0.29–1.08)

0.57

(0.32–1.01)

0.53

(0.28–1.01)

0.98

(0.60–1.61)

1.02

(0.59–1.77)

GDS (≥5)

0.78

(0.49–1.26)

0.79

(0.46–1.36)

1.16

(0.75–1.80)

1.12

(0.68–1.85)

0.71

(0.47–1.07)

0.93

(0.58–1.48)

IADL (≤4)

1.36

(0.77–2.39)

1.64

(0.85–3.19)

1.09

(0.61–1.92)

1.14

(0.59–2.23)

0.89

(0.52–1.52)

0.79

(0.43–1.46)

Chronic conditions ≥5

0.91

(0.61–1.35)

0.84

(0.54–1.30)

0.93

(0.63–1.37)

0.95

(0.62–1.45)

1.13

(0.79–1.62)

1.05

(0.71–1.57)

Hearing impairment

1.28

(0.62–2.63)

0.97

(0.42–2.26)

0.98

(0.48–2.01)

0.87

(0.38–1.98)

1.09

(0.55–2.16)

1.08

(0.50–2.30)

Visual impairment

1.74

(1.12–2.71)^e

1.79

(1.10–2.91)^e

1.28

(0.83–1.98)

1.18

(0.73–1.91)

1.05

(0.69–1.60)

1.28

(0.81–2.02)

Engagement in physical activity^b

1.77

(1.17–2.67)^e

1.95

(1.23–3.08)^e

1.86

(1.25–2.76)^e

2.24

(1.43–3.50)^e

1.09

(0.75–1.60)

1.04

(0.68–1.58)

Frequent community interaction^c

0.69

(0.37–1.29)

0.69

(0.34–1.40)

0.30

(0.15–0.63)^e

0.23

(0.10–0.55)^e

1.65

(0.96–2.84)

1.91

(1.03–3.55)^e

Smartphone ownership

2.02

(1.32–3.10)^e

2.15

(1.33–3.47)^e

0.96

(0.62–1.48)

0.87

(0.54–1.41)

1.58

(1.05–2.37)^e

1.81

(1.15–2.85)^e