Table 1 Participant characteristics and prevalence of oral health problems in the baseline sample of the Newcastle 85+ Study and the TOOTH Study
85+ Study (n = 853) | Tooth Study (n = 542) | |
|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean (±SD) | 85 (0.6) | 87 (2.2) |
Sex, n (%) | ||
Women | 530 (62) | 306 (56) |
Men | 323 (38) | 236 (44) |
Education (years), mean (±SD) | 14.6 (±1.1) | 11 (±3.2) |
Social class, n (%) | N/A | |
Higher managerial | 191 (23) | |
Intermediate occupations | 111 (13) | |
Routine and manual occupations | 543 (64) | |
Smoking, n (%) | ||
Never smoked and occasional smoker | 330 (39) | 316 (61) |
Current smoker | 45 (5) | 36 (7) |
Ex-regular smoker | 473 (56) | 170 (32) |
BMI, mean (±SD) | 24.5 (±4.4) | 21.4 (±3.2) |
SMMSE, mean (±SD) | 25.8 (±5.5) | 25.9 (±4.3) |
History of cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 409 (48) | 121 (22) |
History of hypertension, n (%) | 483 (57) | 443 (82) |
History of diabetes, n (%) | 112 (13) | 86 (16) |
Frailty | ||
Frail, n (%) | 226 (28) | 120 (22) |
Pre-frail, n (%) | 433 (54) | 339 (63) |
Robust, n (%) | 144 (18) | 83 (15) |
Mobility limitations, n (%) | 483 (57) | 170 (32) |
Grip strength (kg), mean (±SD) | 19.2 (±8) | 19.5 (±5.8) |
Gait speed (seconds), mean (±SD) | 18.7 (±14.8) | 15.2 (±8.5) |
Oral health measures | ||
Difficulty eating | ||
Severe | 77 (9)a | 68 (13)b |
Any trouble eating hard foods | 297 (37)c | 272 (51)d |
Difficulty swallowing, n (%) | 131 (16) | 69 (13) |
Dry mouth | 462 (57)e | 1.4 (1.1)f |
Complete tooth loss, n (%) | 450 (55) | 160 (30) |
At least 21 teeth, n (%) | 71 (9) | 92 (17) |