Table 3 Odds ratio and 99% confidence intervals of the predictors of better subjective well-being among 49,069 Chinese oldest-old people

 Ages 90–99 (vs. 80–89)

0.81 (0.76, 0.86)**

1.02 (0.95, 1.10)

1.03 (0.95, 1.11)

 Ages ≥100 (vs. 80–89)

0.69 (0.63, 0.74)**

1.13 (1.02, 1.25)*

1.14 (1.04, 1.27)*

 Men (vs. women)

1.46 (1.37, 1.55)**

0.88 (0.81, 0.96)**

0.88 (0.81, 0.96)**

 Han nationality (vs. ethnic minorities)

1.68 (1.46, 1.93)**

1.49 (1.29, 1.72)**

1.50 (1.30, 1.73)**

  ≥ 1 years of schooling (vs. 0 year)

1.78 (1.67, 1.89)**

1.10 (1.02, 1.20)*

1.11 (1.02, 1.20)*

 White-collar (vs. others)

2.58 (2.34, 2.84)**

1.28 (1.14, 1.44)**

1.28 (1.14, 1.44)**

 Separated (vs. married and not separated)

0.61 (0.48, 0.79)**

0.79 (0.60, 1.04)

0.80 (0.60, 1.05)

 Divorced (vs. married and not separated)

0.63 (0.40, 1.00)*

0.71 (0.42, 1.18)

0.72 (0.43, 1.19)

 Widowed (vs. married and not separated)

0.64 (0.60, 0.69)**

0.79 (0.69, 0.90)**

0.84 (0.77, 0.91)**

 Never married (vs. married and not separated)

0.65 (0.48, 0.89)*

0.88 (0.62, 1.25)

0.88 (0.62, 1.24)

 Have been widowed (vs. no)

0.72 (0.67, 0.78)**

1.09 (0.96, 1.24)

 City (vs. rural areas)

2.25 (2.10, 2.41)**

1.55 (1.42, 1.69)**

1.56 (1.44, 1.70)**

 Town (vs. rural areas)

1.32 (1.23, 1.42)**

1.16 (1.07, 1.25)**

1.16 (1.07, 1.25)**

 ADL score

0.88 (0.87, 0.90)**

0.96 (0.93, 0.99)**

1.00 (0.98, 1.02)

 ADL disability (vs. no)

0.69 (0.63, 0.75)**

1.36 (1.17, 1.57)**

  Very good (vs. fair)

8.24 (7.52, 9.03)**

6.75 (6.12, 7.44)**

6.76(6.13, 7.45)**

  Good (vs. fair)

2.27(2.11, 2.44)**

2.02(1.88, 2.18)**

2.02(1.88, 2.18)**

  Bad (vs. fair)

0.56(0.49, 0.64)**

0.65 (0.57, 0.75)**

0.65 (0.56, 0.74)**

  Very bad (vs. fair)

0.27 (0.15, 0.46)**

0.38 (0.22, 0.67)**

0.37 (0.21, 0.66)**

 Number of natural teeth

1.01 (1.01, 1.02)**

1.00 (0.99, 1.00)

1.00 (0.99, 1.00)

 Blind (vs. normal)

0.44 (0.40, 0.48)**

0.75 (0.67, 0.83)**

0.75 (0.67, 0.83)**

 Vision loss (vs. normal)

0.45 (0.42, 0.49)**

0.67 (0.61, 0.73)**

0.66 (0.61, 0.73)**

 Deaf (vs. normal)

0.49 (0.41, 0.59)**

0.77 (0.63, 0.94)*

0.78 (0.64, 0.95)*

 Hearing loss (vs. normal)

0.56 (0.52, 0.60)**

0.81 (0.75, 0.87)**

0.81 (0.75, 0.88)**

 Systolic blood pressure

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)*

279.39 (0.13, 5.99 × 10⁵)

 Diastolic blood pressure

1.00 (0.99, 1.00)**

0.00 (1.66 × 10⁻⁶,7.65)

1.00 (0.99, 1.00)

 Pulse pressure

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

0.00 (1.68 × 10⁻⁶, 7.70)

1.00 (1.00, 1.01)

 Heart rate

1.00 (0.99, 1.00)**

1.00 (1.00, 1.01)

1.00 (1.00, 1.01)

 Hypertension (vs. no)

0.92 (0.85, 0.99)

0.91 (0.82, 1.01)

0.91 (0.82, 1.01)

 Diabetes (vs. no)

1.01 (0.82, 1.24)

0.96 (0.76, 1.21)

0.95 (0.76, 1.20)

 Heart disease (vs. no)

1.05 (0.95, 1.16)

1.04 (0.90, 1.19)

 Cerebrovascular disease (vs. no)

0.80 (0.70, 0.92)**

0.93 (0.79, 1.10)

0.92 (0.78, 1.09)

 Respiratory disease (vs. no)

0.86 (0.79, 0.94)**

0.97 (0.87, 1.07)

0.96 (0.87, 1.07)

 Cancer (vs. no)

0.97 (0.63, 1.48)

1.12 (0.718, 1.79)

1.11 (0.70, 1.77)

 Comorbidity of self-reported diseases (vs. no)

0.93 (0.85, 1.03)

1.06 (0.89, 1.27)

1.09 (0.94, 1.27)

 Food frequency score

1.21 (1.19, 1.22)**

1.08 (1.07, 1.10)**

1.08 (1.07, 1.10)**

 Smoking at present (vs. never smoking)

1.28 (1.18, 1.38)**

1.07 (0.98, 1.18)

1.07 (0.98, 1.18)

 Smoked in the past (vs. never smoking)

1.37 (1.27, 1.48)**

1.16 (1.06, 1.28)**

1.17 (1.07, 1.28)**

 Drinking at present (vs. never drinking)

1.37 (1.27, 1.47)**

1.09 (1.00, 1.19)*

1.09 (1.00, 1.18)*

 Drank in the past (vs. never drinking)

1.06 (0.97, 1.15)

0.97 (0.87, 1.07)

0.96 (0.87, 1.07)

 Exercising at present (vs. never exercising)

2.65 (2.49, 2.82)**

1.47 (1.36, 1.58)**

1.48 (1.37, 1.59)**

 Exercised in the past (vs. never exercising)

1.32 (1.20, 1.44)**

1.10 (1.00, 1.22)

1.11 (1.00, 1.23)

 Living alone (vs. living with family members)

0.82 (0.75, 0.89)**

0.99 (0.89, 1.11)

 Living in an institution (vs. living with family members)

1.14 (0.99, 1.31)

1.17 (0.90, 1.52)

 Number of cohabitants

1.00 (0.98, 1.01)

1.02 (1.00, 1.04)*

1.02 (1.00, 1.03)

 Number of biological siblings

1.03 (1.02, 1.05)**

1.02 (1.00, 1.04)*

1.02 (1.00, 1.04)*

 Siblings at death (vs. no)

0.98 (0.90, 1.06)

0.99 (0.90, 1.10)

0.99 (0.90, 1.09)

 Number of children

1.02 (1.00, 1.03)*

1.02 (1.01, 1.04)**

1.02 (1.01, 1.04)**

 Children at death (vs. no)

0.84 (0.79, 0.90)**

0.97 (0.91, 1.04)

0.98 (0.91, 1.05)

 Leisure activities

1.10 (1.09, 1.10)**

1.04 (1.03, 1.04)**

1.04 (1.03, 1.04)**

 Financial independence (vs. no)

2.29 (2.14, 2.45)**

1.23 (1.13, 1.35)**

1.24 (1.13, 1.35)**

  Nobody (vs. family members)

0.63 (0.50, 0.80)**

0.96 (0.72, 1.28)

0.95 (0.72, 1.27)

  Live-in caregiver (vs. family members)

1.20 (0.99, 1.45)

1.02 (0.83, 1.26)

1.02 (0.83, 1.26)

  Social services (vs. family members)

1.13 (0.98, 1.31)

1.18 (0.89, 1.55)

1.34 (1.14, 1.59)**

  Friends or neighbors (vs. family members)

0.61 (0.41, 0.90)*

0.94 (0.60, 1.45)

0.93 (0.60, 1.45)

 Access to adequate medical services (vs. no)

3.51 (3.01, 4.09)**

1.91 (1.60, 2.27)**

1.91 (1.61, 2.27)**