Table 2 Frailty and Outcomes in Older Patients Hospitalized with Pneumonia

 Death or functional decline at 30 days^b

99 (67.4)

21 (46.7)

22 (61.1)

31 (83.8)

25 (86.2)

<0.001

NA

Reference

1.46 (0.58-3.69)

3.95 (1.31-11.89)

5.34 (1.54-18.49)

0.014

 Death at 30 days

19 (10.8)

3 (6.7)

1 (2.8)

6 (16.2)

9 (15.5)

0.129

NA

Reference

0.38 (0.37-3.84)

2.36 (0.51-10.94)

2.27 (0.54-9.62)

0.281

 Functional decline at 30 days^b

84 (63.6)

18 (42.9)

21 (60.0)

25 (80.7)

20 (83.3)

0.001

NA

Reference

1.63 (0.63-4.20)

3.84 (1.24-11.86)

5.33 (1.50-19.02)

0.022

 Intensive care unit stay

38 (21.8)

4 (8.9)

8 (22.2)

9 (24.3)

17 (30.4)

0.074

NA

Reference

2.51 (0.67-9.44)

2.44 (0.64-9.27)

3.15 (0.92-10.73)

0.336

 Psychoactive drug use^c

41 (26.5)

10 (22.2)

7 (22.6)

13 (41.9)

11 (22.9)

0.189

NA

Reference

0.88 (0.28-2.78)

1.92 (0.64-5.78)

0.66 (0.22-1.96)

0.236

 Nasogastric tube feeding

50 (28.4)

3 (6.7)

5 (13.9)

7 (18.9)

35 (60.3)

<0.001

NA

Reference

1.97 (0.42-9.22)

2.50 (0.56-11.22)

17.08 (4.49-64.99)

<0.001

 Prolonged hospitalization (≥15 days)

62 (35.6)

8 (18.2)

14 (38.9)

11 (29.7)

29 (50.9)

0.006

NA

Reference

2.72 (0.95-7.82)

1.58 (0.52-4.80)

3.72 (1.38-9.98)

0.039

 Discharge to a long-term care institution^d

39 (27.7)

2 (4.4)

7 (20.0)

14 (41.2)

16 (59.3)

<0.001

NA

Reference

4.56 (0.83-24.87)

9.79 (1.88-51.00)

25.11 (4.70-134.07)

<0.001