Table 4 Results of ordinal logistic regression analyses by types of insomnia symptoms (N = 3321)
From: Relationships among types of activity engagement and insomnia symptoms among older adults
| Â | Variables | Trouble falling asleep | Trouble with waking up during the night | Trouble with waking up too early | Nonrestorative sleep | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β (SE) | OR | 95% CI | β (SE) | OR | 95% CI | β (SE) | OR | 95% CI | β (SE) | OR | 95% CI | ||
Types of activity | Social activity | −0.06* (0.02) | 0.71 | 0.56–0.91 | − 0.03 (0.02) | 0.83 | 0.66–1.05 | −0.02 (0.02) | 0.88 | 0.69–1.12 | 0.01 (0.02) | 1.07 | 0.83–1.39 |
Cognitive activity | −0.05* (0.02) | 0.77 | 0.62–0.96 | −0.02 (0.02) | 0.92 | 0.74–1.14 | −0.08** (0.02) | 0.68 | 0.55–0.85 | −0.04 (0.02) | 0.84 | 0.67–1.05 | |
Physical activity | −0.03 (0.02) | 0.87 | 0.73–1.03 | −0.00 (0.02) | 0.99 | 0.84–1.17 | 0.02 (0.02) | 1.07 | 0.90–1.28 | −0.09** (0.02) | 0.69 | 0.57–0.82 | |
Demographics | Age (years) | −0.04 (0.02) | 0.99 | 0.98–1.00 | −0.02 (0.02) | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | −0.02 (0.02) | 0.99 | 0.98–1.01 | −0.05* (0.02) | 0.99 | 0.98–1.00 |
Male (ref: female) | −0.20** (0.02) | 0.47 | 0.40–0.55 | −0.04* (0.02) | 0.86 | 0.74–0.99 | −0.07** (0.02) | 0.78 | 0.66–0.91 | −0.01 (0.02) | 0.96 | 0.82–1.13 | |
Caucasian (ref: other) | −0.04* (0.02) | 0.81 | 0.68–0.98 | 0.01 (0.02) | 1.04 | 0.87–1.24 | −0.02 (0.02) | 0.89 | 0.74–1.07 | 0.00 (0.02) | 1.01 | 0.84–1.22 | |
Married (ref: other) | −0.01 (0.02) | 0.98 | 0.84–1.14 | −0.01 (0.02) | 0.95 | 0.83–1.10 | −0.01 (0.02) | 0.97 | 0.83–1.12 | −0.01 (0.02) | 0.97 | 0.83–1.13 | |
College or higher (ref: high school or lower) | −0.04 (0.02) | 0.87 | 0.75–1.02 | −0.01 (0.02) | 0.98 | 0.85–1.14 | −0.05* (0.02) | 0.84 | 0.72–0.97 | −0.03 (0.02) | 0.91 | 0.78–1.06 | |
Precipitating factors | Chronic disease (ref: no) | 0.06* (0.02) | 1.73 | 1.19–2.50 | 0.04* (0.02) | 1.41 | 1.02–1.95 | 0.06* (0.02) | 1.66 | 1.14–2.41 | 0.03 (0.02) | 1.27 | 0.87–1.87 |
ADL difficulty (ref: no) | 0.05* (0.02) | 1.31 | 1.08–1.57 | 0.07** (0.02) | 1.42 | 1.18–1.70 | 0.09** (0.02) | 1.55 | 1.28–1.87 | 0.09** (0.02) | 1.60 | 1.32–1.92 | |
Cognitive function | −0.02 (0.02) | 0.99 | 0.98–1.01 | 0.04* (0.02) | 1.02 | 1.00–1.03 | −0.01 (0.02) | 1.00 | 0.98–1.01 | −0.03 (0.02) | 0.99 | 0.97–1.01 | |
Sleep disorder (ref: no) | 0.04 (0.02) | 1.23 | 1.00–1.51 | 0.02 (0.02) | 1.13 | 0.92–1.38 | −0.02 (0.02) | 0.89 | 0.72–1.10 | 0.03 (0.02) | 1.20 | 0.97–1.48 | |
Perpetuating factors | Loneliness | 0.14** (0.02) | 1.85 | 1.56–2.19 | 0.11** (0.02) | 1.59 | 1.35–1.87 | 0.12** (0.02) | 1.69 | 1.42–2.00 | 0.23** (0.02) | 2.79 | 2.35–3.32 |
Caregiving (ref: no) | 0.05* (0.02) | 1.24 | 1.06–1.45 | 0.01 (0.02) | 1.05 | 0.90–1.22 | 0.01 (0.02) | 1.06 | 0.90–1.24 | 0.03 (0.02) | 1.13 | 0.96–1.33 | |