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Table 1 Demographic information and cognitive measures of young and older adults

From: Age-related impairment of navigation and strategy in virtual star maze

 

Young adults

(n = 31)

Older adults (n = 30)

t

M

SD

M

SD

 

Age (years)

22.68

3.07

67.30

5.10

−41.24***

Education (years)

15.61

2.09

15.27

1.39

0.76

Computer exposure

1.23

0.43

1.73

0.78

−3.13**

Virtual environment exposure

2.48

0.72

2.97

0.18

−3.60**

MMSE

28.68

1.14

28.70

1.32

−0.07

MMQ-contentment

50.55

12.19

46.50

11.04

1.36

MMQ-ability

54.45

9.60

50.18

10.83

1.63

MMQ-strategy

33.94

15.08

30.42

14.57

0.94

WAIS block design

42.87

4.62

33.33

6.71

6.42***

Forward digit span

8.74

0.58

7.73

0.83

5.51***

Backward digit span

6.74

1.53

5.20

1.42

4.08**

  1. M mean; SD standard deviation; MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination; MMQ Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire; WAIS Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV. ** p < .01, *** p < .001