Fig. 4

The average of navigation performance of both young and older adults in the learning phase. a. Older adults completed the star maze using a slower navigation speed during the entire learning phase. b. Non-egocentric older adults performed significantly more rotations than non-egocentric young adults and egocentric older adults in the learning phase. c. Non-egocentric older adults completed the task with more detours than non-egocentric young adults and egocentric older adults during the learning phase. d. The success rate of non-egocentric older adults during the learning phase was significantly lower than for non-egocentric young adults and egocentric older adults. Error bars indicate mean ± SEM. ^**p < .01, ^***p < .001