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Table 2 Between group differences and over time changes in the distribution of CHAI score (ranged 0–12) in Chinese adults aged 60+ by sociodemographic characteristics: CHARLS 2011 and 2015

From: The change and correlates of healthy ageing among Chinese older adults: findings from the China health and retirement longitudinal study

 

CHAI (%)

0–2 (Healthiest)

3–4

5–6

7–12 (Unhealthiest)

2011

2015

Difference

2011

2015

Difference

2011

2015

Difference

2011

2015

Difference

All

5.6

9.4

3.8***

23.5

28.7

5.3***

36.6

35.9

−0.7***

34.4

25.9

−8.4***

Age groups

 60–64

10.2

15.6

5.4***

31.5

35.9

4.4***

36.8

33.3

−3.5***

21.5

15.3

−6.2***

 65–69

4.8

8.6

3.8***

24.7

32.4

7.7***

40.1

37.6

−2.5***

30.4

21.5

−8.9***

 70–74

1.2

4.0

2.8***

16.2

23.3

7.1***

37.9

39.2

1.3***

44.7

33.6

−11.1***

 75–79

0.2

3.4

3.2***

10.6

13.9

3.3***

30.5

38.3

7.8***

58.6

44.4

−14.2***

 ≥ 80

0.0

0.5

0.5***

6.9

3.2

−3.7***

25.0

27.8

2.8***

68.1

68.5

0.4

Sex

 Female

6.6

11.0

4.4***

24.0

29.7

5.7***

36.0

35.1

−0.9***

33.3

24.2

−9.1***

 Male

4.5

7.7

3.2***

22.9

27.8

4.9***

37.2

36.8

−0.4***

35.4

27.7

−7.7***

Marital status

 Others

2.4

6.6

4.2***

16.4

18.9

2.5***

35.7

35.3

−0.4***

45.5

39.2

−6.3***

 Married

6.4

10.1

3.7***

25.2

31.2

6.0***

36.8

36.1

−0.7***

31.6

22.6

−9.0***

Education

 Illiterate

3.8

7.4

3.6***

20.1

24.8

4.7***

35.7

38.1

2.4***

40.4

29.7

−10.7***

 Primary school

7.0

10.2

3.2***

26.3

29.3

3.0***

38.7

35.2

−3.5***

28.0

25.2

−2.8***

 Middle school

10.2

12.4

2.2***

30.2

39.9

9.7***

36.3

30.0

−6.3***

23.3

17.7

−5.6***

 High school or higher

7.6

16.4

8.8***

32.6

35.0

2.4***

37.0

33.2

−3.8***

22.8

15.4

−7.4***

Region

 North

7.8

9.1

1.3***

26.3

32.5

6.2***

36.1

35.6

−0.5**

29.8

22.9

−6.9***

 East

5.8

11.4

5.6***

24.2

30.7

6.5***

38.6

32.9

−5.7***

31.4

25.0

−6.4***

 Central

6.5

8.8

2.3***

20.6

31.0

10.4***

38.0

36.8

−1.2***

34.9

23.4

−11.5***

 Southwest

3.2

7.1

3.9***

23.1

25.8

2.7***

36.4

36.9

0.5***

37.3

30.2

−7.1***

 Northeast

6.5

11.0

4.5***

26.3

35.0

8.7***

36.0

35.0

−1.0**

31.2

18.9

−12.3***

 Northwest

5.7

9.6

3.9***

26.4

24.4

−2.0***

34.1

39.9

5.8***

33.8

26.1

−7.7***

 South central

4.1

11.0

6.9***

21.9

24.7

2.8***

37.5

34.1

−3.4***

36.5

30.2

−6.3***

 South east

8.3

12.6

4.3***

27.8

29.6

1.8***

33.6

30.9

−2.7***

30.3

26.9

−3.4***

 South

4.9

8.7

3.8***

21.7

24.7

3.0***

36.0

38.1

2.1***

37.5

28.4

−9.1***

Current residence

 Urban

5.7

10.7

5.0***

23.0

29.3

6.3***

37.1

35.0

−2.1***

34.3

25.0

−9.3***

 Rural

5.5

8.7

3.2***

23.7

28.5

4.8***

36.3

36.4

0.1**

34.4

26.4

−8.0***

Smoking

 No

5.9

10.3

4.4***

24.0

28.4

4.4***

36.3

35.9

−0.4***

33.9

25.4

−8.5***

 Yes

4.9

7.0

2.1***

22.2

29.8

7.6***

37.3

35.8

−1.5***

35.5

27.4

−8.1***

Overweight and obese (kg/m2)

 < 24

6.3

11.1

4.8***

24.2

30.1

5.9***

36.8

34.5

−2.3***

32.7

24.4

−8.3***

 ≥ 24

4.3

7.1

2.8***

22.2

26.9

4.7***

36.2

37.9

1.7***

37.3

28.2

−9.1***

Chronic disease

 No

8.1

11.7

3.6***

26.1

34.2

8.1***

36.3

32.8

−3.5***

29.6

21.3

−8.3***

 Yes

4.8

8.5

3.7***

22.7

26.7

4.0***

36.7

37.1

0.4***

35.8

27.7

−8.1***

Social activity

 No

4.8

8.8

4.0***

21.6

27.3

5.7***

36.8

36.3

−0.5***

36.8

27.7

−9.1***

 Yes

6.5

10.0

3.5***

25.6

30.2

4.6***

36.4

35.6

−0.8***

31.5

24.3

−7.2***

 N

206

422

 

867

1290

 

1352

1611

 

1270

1164

 
  1. CHARLS China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, CHAI Chinese Healthy Ageing Index. * p ≤ 0.1, ** p ≤ 0.05, *** p ≤ 0.01
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