Psychosocial interventions to support the mental health of informal caregivers of persons living with dementia – a systematic literature review

Table 3 Effectiveness of intervention programmes on mental health of ICs of persons living with dementia

Study	Outcome categories
Study	Depression	Burden	QoL	Well-being	Anxiety	Stress	Grief	Mood
Psychoeducation (n = 20)
Berwig et al. [42]		+	–
Blom et al.^a [43]	+	n. r.			+
Chen et al. [44]		+
Czaja et al. [45]	–
Gitlin et al. [46]			–	–
Gitlin et al. [47]	–	+		+
Judge et al. [48]	+		–		+
Kunik et al. [49]	–	–
Kuo et al.^b [50, 51]	+		+
Kurz et al. [52]	–		–
Livingston et al.^b [53, 54]			+		+
Martin-Carrasco et al. [55]		+	–	+
Martin-Carrasco et al. [56]		–	–	–
Prick et al. [57]	–	–
Rotrou et al. [58]	+	–
Soylemez et al. [59]	–	–	–
Steffen et al. [60]	–							–
Tang et al. [61]		–				–
Tremont et al. [62]	+	–	–
Wang et al. [30]		+	+
Leisure and physical activity (n = 9)
Charlesworth et al. (RYCT)^c [63]			–		–	–
Connell et al. [64]	–					–
Danucalov et al. [65]			+
Gitlin et al. [66]	–	–
Hirano et al. [67]		+
Lowery et al. [68]		+		–		–
Mahdavi et al. [69]		+
Moore et al. [70]	–							–
Woods et al. [71]			–	–	–	–
Counselling (n = 8)
Brijoux et al. [72]		–	+
Fortinsky et al. [73]	–	–
Gaugler et al. [74]						–
Gavrilova et al. [75]		+	–			–
Geschke et al. [76]	+		–
Guerra et al.^d [77]		+	–			–
Joling et al. [78]	–	–	–		–
Phung et al. [79]	–		–
Cognitive behavioural approaches (n = 7)
Au et al. [80]	+
Cheng et al.^a [81, 82]	+	+		–		+
Kamkhagi et al. [83]	+	–	–
Kwok et al. [84]		+
Losada et al. (CBT) [85]	+				–
Losada et al. (ACT) [85]	–				–
Meichsner et al.^a [86, 87]	–	–		+			+
Befriending & Peer-support (n = 2)
Charlesworth et al. (CSP)^e [63]			–		–	–
Laakkonen et al. [88]			–

+: Results statistically significant. –: Results statistically not significant
^a: Burden listed as outcome, but no results on burden reported (n.r.)
^b: More than one publication but same intervention
^c: Two different interventions are tested in Charlesworth et al. [63]. One of the interventions is “Remembering Yesterday Caring Today” (RYCT). This part of the study is classified here as “Leisure and physical activity”
^d: Two different instruments used for the outcome stress, both without statistically significant results
^e: The “Carer Supporter Programme (CSP)” is the second intervention tested in Charlesworth et al. [63]. This peer-to-peer approach is classified here as “Befriending and Peer-support”

ISSN: 1471-2318