The association between caregiver burden, distress, psychiatric morbidity and healthcare utilization among persons with dementia in Singapore

Table 1 Characteristics of the sample (n = 399)

Categorical variables				n		%
Age group of caregivers
21 to 34 years				19		4.76
35 to 49 years				95		23.81
50 to 64 years				206		51.63
65 years and above				78		19.55
Gender of caregivers
Female				270		67.67
Male				128		32.08
Caregiver living with participant
No				66		16.54
Yes				332		83.21
Caregiver Education
None/Minimal				40		10.03
Completed primary				88		22.06
Completed secondary				166		41.60
Completed tertiary				103		25.81
Chronic physical conditions of PWD
None				62		15.54
At least one				91		22.81
Multimorbidity (i.e. two or more)				246		61.65
Clinical dementia rating of PWD
No/Questionable dementia				109		27.32
Mild dementia				188		47.12
Moderate/Severe dementia				102		25.56
Participant receives income/ benefits/ pension/allowance
No				171		42.86
Yes				225		56.39
Household composition
Lives alone				10		2.51
With spouse only				21		5.26
With spouse and others				126		31.58
With others				235		58.90
Emergency Room Use in last 3 months
No				356		89.22
Yes				43		10.78
Hospital Admission in last 3 months
No				347		86.97
Yes				52		13.03
Continuous variables	n	Mean	S.D.	P25	Median	P75	Range
Caregiver Distress from Responsive Behaviours (NPI-Q)	386	3.19	6.08	0	0	4	0–48
Psychiatric Morbidity (SRQ-20)	388	2.47	3.55	0	1	3	0–20
Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI)	328	16.99	14.09	6	14	25	0–88
Length of Hospital stay in last 3 months	51	11.12	16.78	3	6	10	1–90
Number of outpatient visits in last 3 months	283	2.12	2.47	1	1	2	1–29

Frequency counts and percentages may not tally to 399 or 100% due to missing data

ISSN: 1471-2318