Association of reduced retinal arteriolar tortuosity with depression in older participants from the Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Table 3 Logistic regression analysis of retinal microvascular parameters and depression

		Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
Retinal parameter	OR	95%CI	P-Value	OR	95%CI	P-Value	OR	95% CI	P-Value
^aCRAE (PX)	0.88	0.72, 1.08	0.21	0.89	0.73, 1.09	0.27	0.86	0.70, 1.06	0.17
^aCRVE (PX)	0.99	0.82, 1.20	0.92	0.98	0.81, 1.19	0.85	0.97	0.79, 1.18	0.75
^aAVR	0.92	0.75, 1.12	0.40	0.94	0.77, 1.15	0.52	0.92	0.75, 1.13	0.45
^aFractal dimension arteriolar	1.12	0.91, 1.37	0.28	1.13	0.92, 1.38	0.24	1.12	0.91, 1.37	0.30
^aFractal dimension venular	1.00	0.83, 1.20	0.97	1.00	0.82, 1.20	0.96	0.99	0.82, 1.19	0.89
^abTortuosity arteriolar	0.81	0.67, 0.98	0.03	0.80	0.66, 0.97	0.02	0.79	0.65, 0.96	0.02
^abTortuosity venular	0.93	0.76, 1.13	0.45	0.90	0.74, 1.11	0.33	0.91	0.74, 1.12	0.36

Abbreviations: CRAE central retinal arteriolar equivalent, CRVE central retinal venular equivalent, AVR retinal arteriolar/venular ratio, CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio, PX pixels. ^aRMPs were transformed into standardised Z-scores (based on a SD increase) before inclusion in regression models. ^bTortuosity values were skewed and therefore log-transformed before inclusion in regression models. Model 1 was adjusted for age (yrs) and sex; model 2 was adjusted for model 1 covariates plus BMI; model 3 was adjusted for model 2 covariates plus alcohol consumption, smoking status, educational attainment, history of cardiovascular disease, triglycerides, diabetes, mean arterial blood pressure, body mass index, high and low-density lipoprotein levels

ISSN: 1471-2318