Association of reduced retinal arteriolar tortuosity with depression in older participants from the Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Table 2 Summary of participant retinal microvascular parameters

Retinal microvascular parameters	All (n = 1376)	No Depression (n = 1263)	Depression (n = 113)	P-Value
Mean CRAE (PX, SD)	29.613 ± 2.186	29.636 ± 2.190	29.354 ± 2.136	0.19
Mean CRVE (PX, SD)	40.849 ± 3.314	40.857 ± 3.298	40.757 ± 3.501	0.76
Mean AVR (SD)	0.728 ± 0.062	0.728 ± 0.061	0.724 ± 0.066	0.47
Mean fractal dimension arteriolar (SD)	1.557 ± 0.052	1.557 ± 0.053	1.563 ± 0.046	0.18
Mean fractal dimension venular (SD)	1.539 ± 0.051	1.539 ± 0.051	1.540 ± 0.047	0.89
Mean tortuosity arteriolar (SD)	0.111 ± 0.149	0.113 ± 0.153	0.085 ± 0.090	0.03
Mean tortuosity venular (SD)	0.068 ± 0.109	0.069 ± 0.111	0.063 ± 0.075	0.38

Values are n (%) for categorical variables and mean ± SD for continuous variables. P values were calculated by independent samples t tests. Abbreviations: CRAE central retinal arteriolar equivalent, CRVE central retinal venular equivalent, AVR retinal arteriolar/venular ratio, SD standard deviation, PX pixels. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant

ISSN: 1471-2318