Table 4 Factors associated with frailty stratified by gender from mixed-effects Poisson regression model
Parameters | Male OR (95% CI) | Female OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
Age | ||
 65–69 | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) |
 70–74 | 1.111 (1.040, 1.187) | 1.098 (1.029, 1.172) |
 75–79 | 1.169 (1.085,1.259) | 1.141 (1.055, 1.233) |
 80–84 | 1.280 (1.166, 1.405) | 1.258 (1.140,1.389) |
 85+ | 1.407 (1.228, 1.613) | 1.322 (1.085, 1.611) |
BMI | ||
 18.5–23.9 | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) |
  < 18.5 | 1.368 (1.254, 1.491) | 1.158 (1.047,1.282) |
 24–27.9 | 0.888 (0.806, 0.979) | – |
  ≥ 28 | 0.851 (0.798, 0.908) | – |
Nationality | ||
 Han nationality | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) |
 Minority | 1.146 (1.015, 1.294) | 1.192 (1.077, 1.319) |
Education | ||
 Illiteracy | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) |
 Primary school | 0.899 (0.827, 0.978) | – |
 Middle school | – | 0.874 (0.799, 0.956) |
 Diploma and above | – | 0.871 (0.772, 0.983) |
Admission to hospital | ||
 Outpatient department | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) |
 Emergency department | 1.130 (1.036, 1.233) | – |
 Transit from other hospitals | 1.168 (1.035, 1.319) | – |
Living conditions | ||
 Building with elevators | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) |
 Bungalow | – | 1.120 (1.028, 1.220) |
Drinking history | ||
 Non-drinker | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) |
 Current drinker | 0.878 (0.819, 0.941) | – |
 Former drinker | 1.109 (1.031, 1.193) | – |
Fall history in last 12 months | ||
 No | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) |
 Yes | 1.259 (1.167, 1.357) | 1.266 (1.185, 1.354) |
Cognition impairment | ||
 No | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) |
 Yes | 1.224 (1.147, 1.306) | 1.155 (1.077, 1.238) |
Vision | ||
 Normal | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) |
 Dysfunction | 1.101 (1.019, 1.189) | 1.173 (1.090, 1.262) |
Hearing | ||
 Normal | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) |
 Dysfunction | 1.080 (1.002, 1.165) | – |
Sleeping | ||
 Normal | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) |
 Dysfunction | 1.242 (1.179, 1.309) | 1.319 (1.235, 1.407) |
Urinary function | ||
 Normal | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) |
 Dysfunction | 1.138 (1.056, 1.228) | 1.279 (1.167, 1.401) |
Defecation function | ||
 Normal | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) |
 Dysfunction | 1.336 (1.243, 1.435) | 1.207 (1.110, 1.312) |