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Table 3 Demographic variables of those who continued to live in the community compared with those who did not

From: Everyday challenges facing high-risk older people living in the community: a community-based participatory study

 

Continue to live in the community

Moved into institutions or hospitals

 

statistical value

number

 

49

12

  

Sociodemographic variables

 Sex

Male

24 (49%)

4 (33%)

 

p = 0.343

Female

25 (51%)

8 (67%)

  

 Age

65–74

81.9 ± 5.8

82.8 ± 4.7

 

p = 0.657

 Education

≥ 9 years

13 (28%)

3 (27%)

 

p = 0.979

<  9 years

34 (72%)

8 (73%)

  

 Living status

Living alone

21 (43%)

7 (58%)

 

p = 0.356

Living with others

28 (57%)

5 (42%)

  

 Marital status

Married

29 (60%)

6 (55%)

 

p = 0.745

Not married

19 (40%)

5 (45%)

  

Dementia-related variables

 Dementia

DSM-5 dementia

12 (24%)

3 (25%)

 

p = 0.971

not dementia

37 (76%)

9 (75%)

  

 CDR

0

5 (10%)

1 (8%)

  

0.5

19 (39%)

1 (8%)

  

1

22 (45%)

6 (50%)

  

2

2 (4%)

3 (25%)

  

3

1 (2%)

1 (8%)

  

 MMSE-J

 

20.2 ± 2.5

19.0 ± 3.0

 

p = 0.17

 NPI-Q

 

0.9 ± 1.9

1.6 ± 2.2

 

p = 0.504

 J-ZBI_8

 

7.9 + 7.5

19.7 + 3.8

*

p = 0.018

Mental-health related variables

 GDS

normal

17 (38%)

4 (33%)

 

p = 0.615

mildly depressed

22 (45%)

5 (42%)

  

severely depressed

6 (12%)

3 (25%)

  

 WHO5-J-S

 

8.1 ± 4.0

6.2 ± 5.6

 

p = 0.183

Physical-health related variables

 Frailty

healthy

12 (26%)

2 (17%)

 

p = 0.846

prefrailty

12 (26%)

4 (33%)

  

frailty

22 (48%)

6 (50%)

  

 Access to doctor

having GP

42 (88%)

10 (83%)

 

p = 0.655

not having GP

6 (12%)

2 (17%)

  

Community-related variables

 Communicating with neighbor

lower than 1/month

28 (64%)

8 (67%)

 

p = 0.846

1/month and over

16 (36%)

4 (33%)

  

 Trust in neighbor

no trust

6 (13%)

4 (27%)

 

p = 0.088

trust

40 (87%)

11 (73%)

  

Socio-economic status

 Subjective disadvantage

present

19 (40%)

6 (50%)

 

p = 0.74

absent

28 (60%)

6 (50%)

  

 Income

< 1,000,000 yen

9 (22%)

2 (20%)

 

P = 0.893

over

32 (78%)

8 (80%)

  

Long-term care usage

 using LTC

 

7 (14%)

4 (33%)

 

p = 0.124

 not using LTC

 

42 (86%)

8 (67%)

  

Need for social support

 Dementia disease diagnosis

 

31 (63%)

8 (67%)

 

p = 0.826

 Medical check-up for physical conditions

8 (16%)

4 (33%)

 

p = 0.184

 Continuous medical care

 

8 (16%)

4 (33%)

 

p = 0.184

 Daily living supports

 

18 (37%)

9 (75%)

*

p = 0.017

 Supports for their family

 

23 (47%)

8 (67%)

 

p = 0.221

 Housing condition

 

2 (4%)

4 (33%)

**

p = 0.002

 Lon-term care insurance

 

26 (53%)

7 (58%)

 

p = 0.743

 Financial supports

 

7 (14%)

2 (17%)

 

p = 0.744

 Rights protection

 

8 (16%)

4 (33%)

 

p = 0.184

  1. * p < 0.05, **p < 0.01
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BMC Geriatrics

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