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Table 3 Results of Multilevel Models Examining Concurrent and Lagged Effects of Memory Self-Report on Depressive Symptoms

From: Memory complaints and depressive symptoms over time: a construct-level replication analysis

 

Depressive Symptoms

NHATS

HRS

Model 1

b (SE)

Model 2

b (SE)

Model 1

b (SE)

Model 2

b (SE)

Intercept

2.731** (0.046)

2.705** (0.048)

1.188** (0.128)

0.864 ** (0.128)

Time

0.009 (0.006)

0.002 (0.006)

0.030** (0.005)

0.025** (0.005)

Self-rated Memorywp

0.027 (0.013)

–

0.179** (0.015)

–

Self-rated Memorylag

− 0.013 (0.016)

–

0.033 (0.016)

–

Perceived 2-year Declinewp

–

0.407** (0.032)

–

0.456** (0.029)

Perceived 2-year Declinelag

–

0.195** (0.032)

–

0.269** (0.030)

Female (ref = male)

0.146** (0.031)

0.141** (0.031)

0.267** (0.052)

0.251** (0.052)

Education: < HS (ref = HS education)

0.093 (0.050)

0.082 (0.049)

0.288** (0.054)

0.322** (0.053)

Education: > HS (ref = HS education)

−0.206** (0.034)

− 0.216** (0.033)

− 0.338** (0.069)

− 0.388** (0.068)

Age category

− 0.012 (0.228)

− 0.049 (0.222)

0.449 (0.467)

0.394 (0.461)

Black (ref = White)

0.159** (0.038)

0.153** (0.038)

0.079 (0.079)

0.078 (0.078)

Income $15,000 - $30,000 (ref = < $15,000)

0.052 (0.045)

0.051 (0.044)

−0.286** (0.062)

−0.278** (0.061)

Income $30,001–$60,000 (ref = < $15,000)

−0.070 (0.040)

− 0.057 (0.040)

−0.332** (0.075)

− 0.342** (0.074)

Income > $60,000 (ref = < $15,000)

−0.166** (0.041)

− 0.158** (0.040)

−0.399** (0.093)

− 0.416** (0.092)

Single/Widowed (ref = Married/Partnered)

0.071 (0.032)

0.072 (0.032)

0.041 (0.056)

−0.030 (0.056)

  1. Note. NHATS and HRS data were analyzed in separate multilevel analyses. Additionally, Models 1 and 2 were analyzed separately. Model 1 examined the association of self-rated memory with depressive symptoms whereas Model 2 examined the association of perceived 2-year memory decline with depressive symptoms. Results from analyses with NHATS and HRS data are presented together for ease of comparison. All models were analyzed separately. HS = High School; WP = baseline within person. Lag = variable information used from one-year prior. **p ≤ .001, *p ≤ .01