Table 1 Perceived availability of future care and mean depression scores by sample characteristics
Sample characteristics | Sample size (n) | Population distribution (%) | Perceived future care availability (%) | Depression score (mean, 0–30) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Perceived availability of future care | ||||
Expected future care support (Yes) | 11,886 | 70.7 | 100.0 | 7.1 |
Expected future care support (No) | 5010 | 29.3 | 0.0 | 9.1 * |
Predisposing factors | ||||
Aged 45–54 (Ref.) | 5920 | 33.4 | 71.5 | 7.3 |
Aged 55–64 | 6694 | 35.2 | 69.0 * | 8.0* |
Aged 65–74 | 3736 | 19.7 | 70.1 | 8.2* |
Aged 75+ | 1855 | 11.7 | 74.6* | 7.8* |
Male (Ref.) | 8806 | 48.4 | 69.1 | 6.9 |
Female | 9429 | 51.6 | 72.3* | 8.6* |
Financial factors | ||||
Rural (Ref.) | 10,881 | 58.7 | 71.6 | 8.4 |
Urban | 7361 | 41.3 | 69.4* | 6.8* |
Under primary (Ref.) | 8182 | 44.9 | 71.5 | 8.9 |
School without degree | 9633 | 52.9 | 70.4 | 7.0* |
College and above degree | 414 | 2.2 | 63.5* | 5.2* |
Better living standard (Ref.) | 503 | 3.6 | 69.7 | 6.0 |
About same living standard | 3595 | 28.1 | 72.3 | 6.4 |
Worse living standard | 8891 | 68.4 | 69.0 | 8.5* |
Living standard not reported | 5634 | ~ | 72.6 | 7.5 |
Health factors | ||||
With ADLs (Yes) | 1114 | 9.4 | 69.0 | 12.3* |
With ADLs (No) (Ref.) | 11,360 | 90.6 | 69.3 | 8.8 |
ADLs not reported | 5621 | ~ | 73.9 | 5.2 |
With IADLs (Yes) | 2628 | 14.8 | 70.2 | 11.4* |
With IADLs (No) (Ref.) | 15,402 | 85.2 | 70.8 | 7.3 |
No disease (Ref.) | 4846 | 33.7 | 72.8 | 6.5 |
One disease | 4430 | 29.9 | 71.6 | 7.8* |
Two diseases | 2844 | 18.6 | 69.9* | 8.5* |
Three and more diseases | 2728 | 17.8 | 66.6* | 9.8* |
Diseases not reported | 3394 | ~ | 70.4 | 7.5 |
With functional loss (Yes) | 16,030 | 10.9 | 68.9 | 10.2* |
With functional loss (No) (Ref.) | 2047 | 89.1 | 70.9 | 7.5 |
With bad memory (Yes) | 2751 | 82.4 | 68.7* | 8.3* |
With bad memory (No) (Ref.) | 13,520 | 17.6 | 75.6 | 5.2 |
Memory not reported | 2352 | ~ | 76.8 | 9.8 |
No pain (=1) (Ref.) | 10,545 | 65.2 | 72.0 | 6.4 |
A little pain (=2) | 2915 | 17.6 | 69.2* | 8.9* |
Some pain (=3) | 1383 | 8.3 | 65.1* | 10.8* |
Quite a bit pain (=4) | 1051 | 6.0 | 65.1* | 12.6* |
A lot of pain (=5) | 519 | 2.9 | 55.6* | 14.4* |
Pain not reported | 2210 | ~ | 76.4 | 11.4 |
Excellent childhood health (=1) (Ref.) | 1883 | 10.7 | 71.4 | 6.8 |
Very good childhood health (=2) | 6774 | 38.1 | 72.0 | 7.5* |
Good childhood health (=3) | 4753 | 26.8 | 70.3 | 7.9* |
Fair childhood health (=4) | 3226 | 17.4 | 69.3 | 8.3* |
Poor childhood health (=5) | 1244 | 7.0 | 66.1* | 9.0* |
Social factors | ||||
Married (Ref.) | 15,799 | 84.8 | 70.2 | 7.5 |
Separated/divorced/widowed | 2273 | 14.2 | 75.8* | 9.3* |
Single | 155 | 1.0 | 42.0* | 10.1* |
No child (Ref.) | 378 | 4.2 | 48.6 | 8.6 |
One child | 1878 | 18.0 | 67.4* | 7.3* |
Two children | 3616 | 31.6 | 70.8* | 7.9 |
Three or more children | 4930 | 46.3 | 73.1* | 8.5 |
Child number not reported | 7821 | ~ | 71.1 | 7.2 |
Children visiting daily or weekly (Ref.) | 4652 | 54 | 74.3 | 8.0 |
Children visiting every month | 1510 | 18.1 | 72.1 | 7.7 |
Children visiting every year | 2236 | 24.9 | 65.0* | 8.8* |
Children visiting less than once per year | 216 | 2.7 | 45.7* | 9.3 |
Children visiting not reported | 10,009 | ~ | 70.6 | 7.3 |
Children contacting daily or weekly (Ref.) | 3568 | 50 | 70.4 | 7.9 |
Children contacting every month | 2083 | 30.0 | 68.8 | 8.9* |
Children contacting every year | 421 | 6.1 | 67.2 | 9.9* |
Children contacting less than once per year | 878 | 14.1 | 70.2 | 8.8* |
Children contacting not reported | 11,673 | ~ | 71.3 | 7.3 |
With co-resident children | 6144 | 56.9 | 75.4* | 8.1 |
With children in a same neighborhood | 1616 | 15.0 | 67.2* | 7.8 |
With children in another neighborhood (Ref.) | 3042 | 28.2 | 61.25 | 8.2 |
Living arrangement not reported | 7830 | ~ | 71.1 | 7.2 |
Social activities leisure (Yes) | 8747 | 47.9 | 71.8* | 7.1* |
Social activities: leisure (No) (Ref.) | 9348 | 52.1 | 69.7 | 8.5 |
Social activities: helping others (Yes) | 2495 | 13.8 | 71.7 | 7.1* |
Social activities: helping others (No) (Ref.) | 15,600 | 86.2 | 70.6 | 7.9 |
Social activities: learning (Yes) | 999 | 6.3 | 61.1* | 5.4* |
Social activities: learning (No) (Ref.) | 17,096 | 93.7 | 71.4 | 7.9 |