Table 2 Characteristics of participants according to dementia disorder

Age, years

(range)

88.4 ± 4.2

(84–103)

91.1 ± 4.9**

(84–103)

 85

472 (55.3)

146 (31.5)

 90

243 (28.5)

140 (30.2)

 ≥95

138 (16.2)

178 (38.4)

Women, n (%)

548 (64.2)

345 (74.4)**

Nursing home resident, n (%), n = 1314

155 (18.2)

307 (66.2)**

Lives alone, n (%), n = 1311

632 (74.1)

382 (83.4)**

Education < 8 years, n (%), n = 1278

561 (66.3)

336 (77.8)**

Currently smoking, n (%), n = 1308

33 (3.9)

6 (1.3)*

 Parkinson’s disease

14 (1.6)

8 (1.7)

 Depressive disorders

225 (26.4)

221 (47.6)**

 Cerebrovascular disease

159 (18.6)

101 (21.8)

 Myocardial infarction previous year

22 (2.6)

11 (2.4)

 Heart failure

226 (26.5)

171 (36.9)**

 History of hip fracture

111 (13.0)

108 (23.3)**

 Diabetes

147 (17.2)

74 (15.9)

 Osteoarthritis

414 (48.5)

194 (41.8)*

 Malignancy previous 5 years

124 (14.5)

41 (8.8)*

 Benzodiazepines

215 (25.2)

151 (32.5)*

 Beta-blockers

365 (42.8)

135 (29.1)**

 Antidepressants

91 (10.7)

148 (31.9)**

 Diuretics

431 (50.5)

245 (52.8)

 Analgesics

260 (30.5)

257 (55.4)**

 Neuroleptics

44 (5.2)

105 (22.6)**

Number of prescribed medications

6.2 ± 4.0

7.4 ± 3.8**

 Systolic blood pressure, n = 1268

150.9 ± 22.6

138.8 ± 22.5**

 Diastolic blood pressure, n = 1264

75.5 ± 11.8

72.3 ± 12.4**

 Body Mass Index, n = 1262

25.9 ± 4.2

25.0 ± 4.7*

 Barthel ADL Index (0–20), n = 1310

18.7 ± 2.6

12.2 ± 6.6**

 Geriatric Depression Scale (0–15), n = 1134

3.3 ± 2.5

4.2 ± 3.0**

 Mini-Mental State Examination (0–30)

25.4 ± 3.3

13.2 ± 7.4**

 Vision impairment, n (%), n = 1271

89 (10.5)

114 (27.1)**

 Hearing impairment, n (%), n = 1302

93 (11.0)

142 (31.3)**

Used walking aid in gait speed test, n (%), n = 1024

185 (24.0)

136 (53.5)**

Gait Speed, m/s

0.54 ± 0.24 ^‡

0.30 ± 0.23 ^‡ **

Missing Gait Speed values, n (%)

79 (9.3)

208 (44.8)