Table 1 Characteristics of participants, total sample and according to ability to perform gait speed test
Characteristic | Total n = 1317 | Measured GS n = 1030 | Missing GS n = 287 |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, years (range) | 89.4 ± 4.6 (84–103) | 88.7 ± 4.3 (84–103) | 91.6 ± 4.9** (84–103) |
Age group, years, n (%) | |||
85 | 618 (46.9) | 535 (51.9) | 84 (29.2) |
90 | 383 (29.1) | 302 (29.3) | 81 (28.1) |
≥95 | 316 (24.0) | 193 (18.7) | 123 (42.3) |
Women, n (%) | 893 (67.8) | 670 (65.0) | 224 (77.8)** |
Nursing home resident, n (%), n = 1314 | 462 (35.2) | 266 (25.9) | 196 (68.3)** |
Lives alone, n (%), n = 1311 | 1014 (77.3) | 770 (75.0) | 244 (85.9)** |
Education < 8 years, n (%), n = 1278 | 897 (70.2) | 698 (68.9) | 199 (75.1)* |
Currently smoking, n (%), n = 1308 | 39 (3.0) | 31 (3.0) | 8 (2.8) |
Diagnoses and medical conditions, n (%) | |||
Dementia disorder | 464 (35.2) | 256 (24.9) | 208 (72.2)** |
Parkinson’s disease | 22 (1.7) | 14 (1.4) | 8 (2.8) |
Depressive disorders | 446 (33.9) | 313 (30.4) | 134 (46.5)** |
Cerebrovascular disease | 260 (19.7) | 180 (17.5) | 81 (28.1)** |
Myocardial infarction previous year | 33 (2.5) | 25 (2.4) | 8 (2.8) |
Heart failure | 397 (30.1) | 276 (26.8) | 122 (42.4)** |
History of hip fracture | 219 (16.6) | 142 (13.8) | 77 (26.7)** |
Diabetes | 221 (16.8) | 171 (16.6) | 50 (17.4) |
Osteoarthritis | 608 (46.2) | 473 (45.9) | 136 (47.2) |
Malignancy previous 5 years | 165 (12.5) | 138 (13.4) | 27 (9.4) |
Routine prescription medications, n (%) | |||
Benzodiazepines | 366 (27.8) | 267 (25.9) | 99 (34.4)* |
Beta-blockers | 500 (38.0) | 418 (40.6) | 82 (28.5)** |
Antidepressants | 239 (18.1) | 150 (14.6) | 90 (31.3)** |
Diuretics | 676 (51.3) | 520 (50.5) | 157 (54.5) |
Analgesics | 517 (39.3) | 340 (33.0) | 178 (61.8)** |
Neuroleptics | 149 (11.3) | 77 (7.5) | 73 (25.3)** |
Number of prescribed medications | 6.6 ± 4 | 6.3 ± 4.0 | 7.8 ± 3.7** |
Assessments | |||
Systolic blood pressure, n = 1268 | 146.8 ± 23.3 | 149.6 ± 22.7 | 135.9 ± 22.3** |
Diastolic blood pressure, n = 1264 | 74.4 ± 12.0 | 75.1 ± 12.0 | 71.6 ± 11.9** |
Barthel ADL Index (0–20), n = 1310 | 16.5 ± 5.5 | 18.4 ± 2.8 | 9.4 ± 6.7** |
Geriatric Depression Scale (0–15), n = 1134 | 3.6 ± 2.6 | 3.4 ± 2.6 | 4.7 ± 2.9** |
Mini-Mental State Examination (0–30) | 21.1 ± 7.8 | 23.4 ± 5.7 | 13.4 ± 9.1** |
Vision impairment, n (%), n = 1271 | 203 (16.0) | 119 (11.7) | 84 (33.1)** |
Hearing impairment, n (%), n = 1302 | 235 (18.0) | 141 (13.8) | 94 (32.8)** |
Used walking aid in gait speed test, n (%), n = 1024 | 321 (31.3) | 321 (31.4) | N/A |
Gait Speed, m/s | 0.45 ± 0.26 ‡ | 0.53 ± 0.22 | 0.18 ± 0.22 † ** |