Table 4 The association between potentially inappropriate prescribing at baseline and outcomes at 12, 24 and 36-months’ follow-ups for all non-Māori individuals

Increased risk of all-cause hospitalisation

OR (95% CI)† p value*

≥1 PIM

1.17 (0.70, 1.96) 0.55

0.96 (0.59, 1.57) 0.87

0.71 (0.40, 1.45) 0.23

≥1 PPO

1.11 (0.69, 1.77) 0.68

1.33 (0.86, 2.03) 0.20

0.90 (0.56, 1.47) 0.68

≥1 PIM and/or PPO

1.10 (0.67, 1.82) 0.71

1.09 (0.70, 1.70) 0.71

0.81 (0.49, 1.33) 0.40

Increased risk of CVD-specific hospitalisation

OR (95% CI)† p value*

≥1 PIM

1.36 (0.74, 2.50) 0.32

1.19 (0.73, 1.94) 0.48

1.00 (0.62, 1.63) 0.99

≥1 PPO

1.08 (0.60, 1.94) 0.80

1.45 (0.93, 2.24) 0.10

1.14 (0.75, 1.74) 0.55

≥1 PIM and/or PPO

1.52 (0.78, 2.96) 0.22

1.60 (1.00, 2.57) 0.05

1.15 (0.74, 1.79) 0.54

Increased risk of ambulatory sensitive hospitalisation

OR (95% CI)† p value*

≥1 PIM

1.17 (0.69, 1.98) 0.55

1.44 (0.89, 2.34) 0.14

1.21 (0.72, 2.03) 0.47

≥1 PPO

1.12 (0.69, 1.81) 0.65

1.44 (0.94, 2.20) 0.09

1.04 (0.67, 1.61) 0.87

≥1 PIM and/or PPO

1.07 (0.64, 1.79) 0.79

1.42 (0.91, 2.21) 0.12

1.04 (0.66, 1.64) 0.86

Mortality

HR (95% CI)‡ p value*

≥1 PIM

1.32 (0.49, 3.58) 0.58

1.41 (0.76, 2.62) 0.27

1.53 (1.02, 2.32) 0.04

≥1 PPO

2.21 (0.69, 7.03) 0.18

1.29 (0.71, 2.35) 0.40

1.40 (0.93, 2.10) 0.10

≥1 PIM and/or PPO

6.19 (0.79, 48.61) 0.08

1.68 (0.83, 3.39) 0.15

1.61 (1.01, 2.57) < 0.05