Table 4 Univariate and multivariable regression analysis assessing the association between each modifiable factor and the Life Space Index

• Walking speed^§

4.98 (4.67, 5.28)***

1.07 (0.65, 1.49) ***

• Single Leg Stance^§

3.05 (2.74, 3.36) ***

0.35 (−0.03, 0.74)

• Grip strength^§

4.71 (4.39, 5.03) ***

1.08 (0.52, 1.64) ***

• Normal

Ref

Ref

• Under

−7.52 (−11.01, − 4.03) ***

− 5.2 (− 10.17, − 0.23)*

• Over

1.25 (0.48, 2.02) **

0.96 (0.13, 1.78)*

• Obese I

−1.21 (−2.14, −0.29) *

0.62 (− 0.45, 1.68)

• Obese II

−4.15 (− 5.59, − 2.72) ***

− 0.37 (− 2.23, 1.49)

• Obese III

− 11.39 (− 13.51, − 9.28) ***

−2.01 (− 5.12, 1.1)

• Non-smoker

Ref

Ref

• Smoker

−6.9 (−8.49, −5.3) ***

−3.37 (− 5.42, − 1.32)**

• Former

− 0.19 (− 0.84, 0.47) ***

− 0.26 (− 0.98, 0.46)

• Nutritional Risk^§

3.22 (2.95, 3.49) ***

0.53 (0.12, 0.95)*

• No

Ref

Ref

• Yes

−5.07 (−5.73, −4.41) ***

−1.05 (− 1.81, −0.29)**

• No

Ref

Ref

• Yes

−9.62 (−10.9, −8.34) ***

−1.99 (−3.68, −0.31)*

• Good/Very Good/Excellent

Ref

Ref

• Poor/Fair

−7.19 (−8.31, −6.08) ***

−2.08 (−3.53, −0.63)**

• Not Driving

Ref

Ref

• Driving without situational avoidance

22.55 (21.24, 23.85) ***

9.67 (7.86, 11.47)***

• Driving with situational avoidance

18.20 (17.06, 19.34) ***

8.02 (6.38, 9.66)***

• MOS Social Support Survey^§

3.47 (3.16, 3.79) ***

1.37 (0.95, 1.79)***

• No

Ref

Ref

• Yes

−8.24 (−9.12, −7.35) ***

−1.65 (−2.79, −0.51)**

• Mental Alternation Test^§

2.36 (2.04, 2.69) ***

0.41 (0.03, 0.8) *

• REYII^§

0.47 (0.15, 0.80) **

−0.23 (−0.62, 0.15)

TOTAL R²

0.135