Table 3 Process evaluation: data collection methods
Parameter | Material | Measurement points | Elements of process evaluation |
|---|---|---|---|
Recruitment description | ▪ Documentation of the recruitment process ▪ Survey of reasons for participation (nursing home management/nursing service management) ▪ Survey of reasons for non-participation/withdrawal (nursing home management/nursing service management) | T0 | Recruitment |
Description of the context factors of the nursing homes | ▪ Existence of concepts or standards for dealing with sleep or promoting sleep (structured survey, nursing service management) | T0, T2 (only control group) | Description of the cluster (Context) |
▪ Culture in the nursing homes (Organizational Readiness for Implementing Change (ORIC)) [49]. ▪ Person-centered care (Person-centered climate questionnaire (staff version) (PCQ-S)) [50]. ▪ Team effort (Assessment of Interprofessional Team Collaboration Scale (AITCS)) [51]. ▪ Sample: nursing services and residential area managers, as well as 20% of all nursing staff per cluster | T0, T2 | ||
Implementation of the intervention components | ▪ Information about the needs assessment for each cluster (e.g. number of stakeholders involved, content) ▪ Number, frequency and content of the different components delivered to each cluster (including duration, number and function of participants, topics, necessary adjustments (type, reasons), deviations from the protocol), i.e.: ▪ Educational courses (basic and advanced) offered per cluster ▪ Workshops offered per cluster ▪ Training and support delivered to the change agents ▪ Other components offered | Implementation phase, T1, T2 (only intervention group) | Implementation of the intervention (Delivery) |
Adoption of the intervention components in the nursing homes | ▪ Content of the sleep-related care concept (document analysis) | T1, T2 | Implementation of the intervention (Response) |
▪ Number (rate) of participants attending the workshops per cluster (documentation) | Implementation phase | ||
▪ Number of workshops and internal training planned and carried out in the context of the intervention | T1, T2 | ||
▪ Changes in procedures and processes as a result of the interventions’ implementation (e.g. assessments) | T1, T2 | ||
Change processes in the nursing homes | ▪ Changes in procedures and processes due to the implementation of the sleep concept in each cluster (planned vs. implemented) | T1, T2 (only intervention group | |
▪ Changes regarding sleep promotion in the care plans of people with dementia (document analysis, n = 5 residents with sleep problems per cluster) | T2 (only intervention group) | ||
▪ Performance of care plans for sleep promotion (participating observations, 2 residents with sleep problems from selected nurses (2 per cluster)) | T2 (only intervention group) | ||
▪ Perception of changes in sleep promotion from people with dementia or their representatives, relatives or legal guardians (interviews, 4 per cluster) | T2 (only intervention group) | ||
Inhibiting / promoting factors and contextual conditions | ▪ Perspective of the target groups (managers, nurses actively involved in the intervention; interviews) | T2 (only intervention group) |