Table 2 Outcome instruments
People with dementia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Instrument | Source | Measurement points | Type of variable |
Demographic variables (e.g. documented sleep apnea, documented dementia diagnosis, Dementia Screening Scale, length of stay in nursing home) | Single items | Nursing records | T0 | Inclusion and exclusion criteria |
Demographic Variables (e.g. age, sex, care dependency levela) | Single items | Nursing records | T0 | Control variables |
Sleep Disorders | Sleep Disorder Inventory [32] | Retrospective rating by registered nurse (night shift)c | T0, T1, T2 | Primary outcome, Inclusion criterion |
Objective Sleep Measuresb | Algorithm to analyze actigraphic data with respect to sleep patterns [41, 42] | Actigraphy | T0, T2 | Secondary outcome |
Quality of Sleep | Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [43] | Self-rating by participating people with dementiad | T0, T2 | Secondary outcome |
Daytime Sleepiness | Essener Questionaire of Age and Sleepiness in the Elderly (EFAS) [44] | Retrospective rating by registered nurse (day shift) | T0, T2 | Secondary outcome |
Quality of Life | Retrospective rating by registered nurse (night shift)c | T0, T2 | Secondary outcome | |
Agitation | Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory [47] | Retrospective rating by registered nurse (day shift)b | T0, T2 | Secondary outcome |
Accidental falls | Single item | Nursing documentation | T1, T2 | Control variable |
Physical restraint use | Single item | Nursing documentation | T1, T2 | Control variable |
Psychotropic medication | Single items | Nursing documentation | T1, T2 | Control variable |
Staff | ||||
Variable | Instrument | Source | Measurement points | Type of variable |
Demographic variables (e.g. age, sex) | Single items | Staff questionnaire | T0 | Control variable |
Nurses sleep-related distress | Sleep Disorder Inventory [32] | Retrospective rating by registered nurse (night shift) | T0, T1, T2 | Secondary outcome |
Nurses distress caused by residents’ challenging behavior | Residents’ Challenging Behavior–related Distress Index [17] | Retrospective rating by registered nurse (day & night shift) | T0, T2 | Secondary outcome |
Cost analysis | ||||
Variable | Instrument | Source | Measurement points | Type of variable |
Costs related to the implementation of the intervention and the predefined outcomes | Self-developed cost protocol [48] | Documentation by trained external study assistants | Ongoing | Cost outcome |