Adaptation and preliminary psychometric properties of three self-stigma outcome measures for people living with dementia

Table 1 Quality and expert appraisal of stigma instruments

		Psychometric Quality Appraisal^d										Expert Appraisal
Scale	Reference	Content Validity	Internal Consistency	Criterion Validity	Construct Validity	Reproducibility		Responsiveness	Floor/Ceiling Effects	Interpretability	Total	Criterion 1^a	Criterion 2^b	Criterion 3^c	Decision
Scale	Reference	Content Validity	Internal Consistency	Criterion Validity	Construct Validity	Agreement	Reliability	Responsiveness	Floor/Ceiling Effects	Interpretability	Total	Criterion 1^a	Criterion 2^b	Criterion 3^c	Decision
Perceived devaluation and Discrimination Questionnaire (PDDQ)	Link, (1987) [40]	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	2	4	No	Yes	Yes	Excluded
Coming Out Proud with Mental Illness Scale (COMIS)	Corrigan et al. (2010) [41]	2	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	5	No	No	No	Excluded
Stigma Stress Scale (SSS)	Kaiser et al. (2004) [48]	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	3	Yes	Yes	Yes	Included
Stigma Stress Scale (SSS)	Rüsch et al. (2009) [42]	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	7	Yes	Yes	Yes	Included
Self-stigma of mental illness scale (SSMIS)	Corrigan et al. (2006) [43]	2	1	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	5	Yes	Yes	Yes	Included
Stigma Coping Orientation Scale (SCOS)	Link et al. (1989) [49]	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	2	No	Yes	No	Excluded
Stigma Coping Orientation Scale (SCOS)	Link et al. (2002) [44]	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	4	No	Yes	No	Excluded
Internalised stigma of mental illness (ISMI)	Ritsher et al. (2003) [45]	2	1	1	2	0	2	0	1	1	9	No	Yes	No	Excluded
Stigma Impact Scale (SIS)	Fife & Wright, (2000) [50]	2	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	5	Yes	Yes	Yes	Included
Stigma Impact Scale (SIS)	Burgener & Berger, (2008) [20]	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	4	Yes	Yes	Yes	Included

^aMeasure would not require significant changes to language that would require invalidating previous psychometric findings
^bMeasure is acceptable and relevant for people living with dementia
^cMeasures serves as a feasible outcome measure for a disclosure decision-making intervention for people living with dementia (“Who to tell, how and when?”)
^dmodified from Terwee et al. (2007) [19], for scoring see Stansfeld et al. (2017) [26]

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