Test | Explanation | Scores |
---|---|---|
Geriatric screening | ||
G-8 [19] | 8-item screening test. Assesses domains of nutritional status, mobility, neuropsychological problems, medication use, self-rated health status and age | Score ranges from 0 to 17, lower score indicates more impairment, cut-off score ≤ 14 |
6-item cognitive screening test. One memory, two attention and three orientation questions | Score ranges from 0 to 28, higher score indicates more significant cognitive impairment, cut-off score > 7 | |
Comprehensive geriatric assessment | ||
Somatic status | ||
Medical history | Polypharmacy, multi-morbidity using CCI [22]: 16 medical condition of which 3 are stratified according to severity | Score ranges from 0 to 33, higher score indicates more comorbidities |
Physical measurement | Weight, height, BMI, blood pressure, heart rate, orthostatic hypotension, complete physical examination on indication | N/A |
MNA-SF® [23] | 6-item screening test. Assesses loss of appetite, weight loss, BMI, mobility, the occurrence of stress or an acute disease and neuropsychological problems | Score ranges from 0 to 14, lower score indicates greater risk of malnutrition, cut-off score ≤ 11 |
Psychological status | ||
PHQ-2 [24] | 2-item screening test for depression | Score ranges from 0 to 6, higher score indicates more depressive symptoms, cut-off score ≥ 3 |
GDS-15 [25] | 15-item questionnaire. Assesses depressive symptoms | Score ranges from 0 to 15, higher score indicates more depressive symptoms, cut-off score ≥ 5 |
Optimism questionnaire [26] | 3-item questionnaire. Assesses optimism on a 5-point Likert scale: 0 corresponds to “strongly disagree” and 4 to “strongly agree” | Score ranges from 0 to 12, higher score indicates greater optimism |
VAT [27] | Learning task that assesses visual associative memory | Score ranges from 0 to 12, lower score indicates more cognitive impairment |
Clock drawing [28] | Cognitive test that assesses visuospatial and executive functioning | Score ranges from 0 to 14, lower score indicates more executive impairment, cut-off score < 10 |
Functional status | ||
Katz ADL [29] | 6-item questionnaire. Assesses bathing, dressing, toileting, transfers, continence and feeding | Score ranges from 0 to 6, higher score indicates greater dependency |
Lawton IADL [30] | 8-item questionnaire. Assesses more complex independent living skills: ability to use a phone, shopping, food preparation, housekeeping, laundry, mode of transportation, responsibility for personal medications, ability to handle finances | Score ranges from 0 to 8, lower score indicates greater dependency |
Timed 4-m walking test | Lower score represents slow gait speed, cut-off speed ≤0.8 m/s | |
Handgrip strength measurement, using a Jamar Handheld Dynamometer. Best of 3 measurements using the dominant hand | Reference values depend on age and gender | |
Social status | Living arrangement (independent, institutionalised, hospitalised), the availability of a caregiver, hours of (home)care | N/A |
Quality of life | ||
5-item questionnaire. Assesses health-related quality of life exploring five dimensions: mobility, self-care, daily activities, pain/complaints, mood. Three possible levels of answers: no problems, some problems, extreme problems | An index score is calculated, score ranges from − 0.33 to 1.0. Score < 0 represents worse than dead and 1 represents full health | |
Verbal description of an overall health state visual analogue scale, registered on a numerical rating scale | Score ranges from 0 to 100, higher score indicates higher health-related quality of life |