Characteristics | Non-Heart Failure (n = 660) | Heart Failure (n = 151) | P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean age (years) | 81.4 | (74.7–85.5) | 82.7 | (77.1–86.1) | 0.116 |
Male | 439 | (66.5) | 111 | (73.5) | 0.118 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.8 | (21.5–26.7) | 24.5 | (22.3–27.3) | 0.030 |
Comorbidities | |||||
 Diabetes mellitus | 341 | (51.7) | 84 | (55.6) | 0.430 |
 Hypertension | 554 | (83.9) | 138 | (91.4) | 0.027 |
 Hyperlipidemia | 277 | (42.0) | 74 | (49.0) | 0.138 |
 Cardiovascular disease | 150 | (22.7) | 65 | (43.0) | < 0.001 |
 AF | 14 | (2.1) | 14 | (9.3) | < 0.001 |
 Myocardial infarction | 0 | (0.0) | 86 | (57.0) | < 0.001 |
 COPD | 252 | (38.2) | 79 | (52.3) | 0.002 |
CCI | 1.0 | (1.0–2.0) | 2.0 | (1.0–2.3) | 0.002 |
LVEF | 60.0 | (56.0–62.0) | 52.0 | (42.0–59.0) | < 0.001 |
Cardiac arrhythmia | 37 | (5.6) | 21 | (13.9) | 0.001 |
Geriatric assessment | |||||
 MNA-SF (0 to 14) | 13.0 | (11.0–14.0) | 13.0 | (11.0–14.0) | 0.572 |
 Timed Up and Go test (sec, IQR) | 17.0 | (12.3–22.0) | 18.0 | (14.0–28.0) | 0.003 |
 Handgrip strength (kg, IQR) | 20.2 | (15.0–25.2) | 19.4 | (15.1–26.9) | 0.970 |
 6-min walking test (sec, IQR) | 11.0 | (7.4–16.0) | 11.0 | (7.6–19.9) | 0.792 |
 Fried frailty indexa |  |  |  |  | 0.059 |
  Robust | 66 | (10.0) | 29 | (19.3) |  |
  Pre-frail | 243 | (36.8) | 47 | (31.3) |  |
  Frail | 351 | (53.2) | 75 | (49.4) |  |
 Rockwood frailty indexb | 27.0 | (21.6–32.4) | 36.8 | (31.6–42.9) | < 0.001 |
  Non-frail | 11 | (1.7) | 0 | (0.0) | < 0.001 |
  Pre-frail | 153 | (23.2) | 3 | (2.0) |  |
  Frail | 496 | (75.2) | 148 | (98.0) |  |
Laboratory data | |||||
 NT-proBNP (pg/mL, IQR) | 1110.0 (330.1–3507.5) | 2610.0 (555.5–9825.0) | 0.024 | ||
 LDL (mg/dL) | 99.0 | (80.0–121.0) | 95.0 | (72.0–118.0) | 0.079 |
 Albumin (g/dL) | 4.0 | (3.6–4.3) | 3.8 | (3.5–4.1) | 0.024 |
 Hba1c (%) | 6.1 | (5.6–6.9) | 6.1 | (5.7–7.0) | 0.732 |
 Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0 | (0.8–1.4) | 1.2 | (0.9–1.8) | < 0.001 |
 eGFR (ml/min per 1.73m2) | 67.7 | (49.4–84.2) | 59.5 | (37.0–76.5) | 0.001 |
 Proteinuria (mg/g) | 0.1 | (0.1–0.3) | 0.2 | (0.1–0.5) | 0.091 |
Medications | |||||
 Diuretics | 413 | (62.6) | 135 | (89.4) | < 0.001 |
 MRA | 96 | (14.5) | 77 | (51.0) | < 0.001 |
 β-blocker | 352 | (53.3) | 123 | (81.5) | < 0.001 |
 ACEI or ARB | 412 | (62.4) | 128 | (84.8) | < 0.001 |
 Anti-platelet agents | 380 | (57.6) | 129 | (85.4) | < 0.001 |
 Anti-coagulants | 80 | (12.1) | 43 | (28.5) | < 0.001 |
 Digoxin | 58 | (8.8) | 32 | (21.2) | < 0.001 |