Variable | Frailty index – frail | Frailty phenotype – pre-frail | Frailty phenotype – frail | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incidence of frailty (FI) | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | Incidence of pre-frailty (FP) | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | Incidence of frailty (FP) | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | |
Age | ||||||
 65–74 years | 8.7% | Reference | 31.4% | Reference | 2.0% | Reference |
 75–84 years | 18.0% | 2.10 (1.87–2.36)** | 41.6% | 1.57 (1.40–1.76)** | 4.8% | 2.33 (1.71–3.17)** |
  ≥ 85 years | 30.4% | 5.23 (4.25–6.45)** | 51.9% | 3.46 (2.50–4.78)** | 16.0% | 17.0 (10.1–28.7)** |
Sex | ||||||
 Male | 10.9% | Reference | 32.1% | Reference | 3.0% | Reference |
 Female | 13.7% | 1.18 (1.05–1.33)* | 37.0% | 1.19 (1.08–1.32)** | 3.1% | 1.07 (0.79–1.45) |
Alcohol use | ||||||
 No alcohol use | 18.8% | Reference | 40.9% | Reference | 4.7% | Reference |
 Non-hazardous | 9.9% | 0.68 (0.60–0.77)** | 32.3% | 0.86 (0.76–0.98)* | 2.4% | 0.66 (0.47–0.93)* |
 Hazardous | 10.0% | 0.80 (0.68–0.93)* | 32.9% | 0.93 (0.80–1.08) | 2.8% | 0.88 (0.58–1.32) |
Stroke | ||||||
 No | 11.9% | Reference | 34.3% | Reference | 3.0% | Reference |
 Yes | 24.2% | 2.10 (1.61–2.73)** | 40.4% | 1.22 (0.88–1.68) | 5.9% | 1.82 (0.89–3.74) |
Cancer | ||||||
 No | 12.2% | Reference | 34.4% | Reference | 3.1% | Reference |
 Yes | 13.0% | 1.23 (0.96–1.57) | 34,1% | 1.01 (0.80–1.27) | 2.6% | 0.98 (0.49–1.97) |
Parkinson’s disease | ||||||
 No | 12.2% | Reference | 34.4% | Reference | 3.0% | Reference |
 Yes | 34.7% | 4.29 (2.48–7.43)** | 41.2% | 1.80 (0.83–3.94) | 17.6% | 7.58 (2.47–23.2)** |
Cataracts | ||||||
 No | 11.9% | Reference | 34.0% | Reference | 2.7% | Reference |
 Yes | 15.2% | 1.12 (0.95–1.33) | 37.7% | 1.13 (0.96–1.33) | 6.2% | 2.07 (1.43–3.01)** |
Dementia | ||||||
 No | 12.1% | Reference | 34.4% | Reference | 3.0% | Reference |
 Yes | 38.7% | 3.97 (2.34–6.72)** | 45.2% | 1.45 (0.68–3.10) | 3.2% | 0.59 (0.07–5.16) |
Med. for high blood pressure | ||||||
 No | 9.6% | Reference | 31.9% | Reference | 2.3% | Reference |
 Yes | 15.2% | 1.35 (1.21–1.51)** | 37.3% | 1.15 (1.04–1.28)* | 3.8% | 1.37 (1.02–1.84)* |
Med. for coronary and other heart disease | ||||||
 No | 10.6% | Reference | 33.1% | Reference | 2.6% | Reference |
 Yes | 20.1% | 1.72 (1.52–1.96)** | 41.4% | 1.28 (1.12–1.47)** | 5.3% | 1.70 (1.20–2.41)* |
Med. for high blood cholesterol | ||||||
 No | 11.5% | Reference | 33.9% | Reference | 3.1% | Reference |
 Yes | 14.3% | 1.08 (0.96–1.22) | 35.6% | 0.93 (0.83–1.05) | 3.0% | 0.68 (0.49–0.95)* |
Med. for diabetes | ||||||
 No | 11.5% | Reference | 34.1% | Reference | 2.8% | Reference |
 Yes | 18.6% | 1.69 (1.46–1.96)** | 37.1% | 1.11 (0.95–1.30) | 5.2% | 1.62 (1.11–2.37)* |
Med. for joint and other pain | ||||||
 No | 10.0% | Reference | 32.6% | Reference | 2.6% | Reference |
 Yes | 22.8% | 2.26 (2.00–2.54)** | 45.9% | 1.58 (1.38–1.82)** | 6.0% | 2.38 (1.70–3.34)** |
Med. for anxiety, depression and sleep problems | ||||||
 No | 11.5% | Reference | 33.5% | Reference | 2.8% | Reference |
 Yes | 20.9% | 1.56 (1.33–1.84)** | 47.4% | 1.56 (1.28–1.89)** | 6.3% | 2.14 (1.37–3.36)* |
Med. for osteoporosis | ||||||
 No | 11.9% | Reference | 34.0% | Reference | 3.0% | Reference |
 Yes | 19.2% | 1.56 (1.27–1.93)** | 43.4% | 1.38 (1.10–1.73)* | 4.2% | 1.34 (0.74–2.45) |
Med. for stomach burns | ||||||
 No | 11.9% | Reference | 34.0% | Reference | 3.0% | Reference |
 Yes | 16.5% | 1.14 (0.94–1.37) | 40.0% | 1.11 (0.91–1.35) | 3.4% | 1.01 (0.58–1.74) |
Med. for chronic bronchitis | ||||||
 No | 12.0% | Reference | 34.2% | Reference | 3.0% | Reference |
 Yes | 25.1% | 2.45 (1.87–3.22)** | 47.1% | 1.68 (1.17–2.42)* | 6.4% | 2.67 (1.20–5.95)* |
Med. for inflammation | ||||||
 No | 12.1% | Reference | 34.2% | Reference | 3.0% | Reference |
 Yes | 17.4% | 1.54 (1.14–2.05)* | 44.2% | 1.32 (0.94–1.85) | 4.9% | 1.61 (0.70–3.66) |