Table 1 Association between the selected eight Kihon checklist items and incidence of long-term care insurance certification
Incidence of long-term care insurance certification | ORs (95% CIs) a | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Case | (%) | ||
1. Do you go out by bus or train by yourself? | ||||
Yes | 16,593 | 30 | (0.2) | 1.00 (reference) b |
No (positive) | 1192 | 51 | (4.3) | 3.41 (1.96–5.92) |
2. Do you go shopping to buy daily necessities by yourself? | ||||
Yes | 16,764 | 37 | (0.2) | – |
No (positive) | 1021 | 44 | (4.3) | – |
3. Do you manage your own deposits and savings at the bank? | ||||
Yes | 16,280 | 37 | (0.2) | 1.00 (reference) |
No (positive) | 1505 | 44 | (2.9) | 2.54 (1.50–4.28) |
4. Do you sometimes visit your friends? | ||||
Yes | 12,537 | 10 | (0.1) | 1.00 (reference) |
No (positive) | 5248 | 71 | (1.4) | 3.59 (1.74–7.44) |
5. Do you turn to your family or friends for advice? | ||||
Yes | 15,194 | 31 | (0.2) | – |
No (positive) | 2591 | 50 | (1.9) | – |
6. Do you normally climb stairs without using handrail or wall for support? | ||||
Yes | 12,348 | 13 | (0.1) | 1.00 (reference) |
No (positive) | 5437 | 68 | (1.3) | 3.01 (1.58–5.72) |
7. Do you normally stand up from a chair without any aids? | ||||
Yes | 15,370 | 30 | (0.2) | – |
No (positive) | 2415 | 51 | (2.1) | – |
8. Do you normally walk continuously for 15 min? | ||||
Yes | 16,350 | 35 | (0.2) | – |
No (positive) | 1435 | 46 | (3.2) | – |
9. Have you experienced a fall in the past year? | ||||
No | 14,205 | 35 | (0.2) | – |
Yes (positive) | 3580 | 46 | (1.3) | – |
10. Do you have a fear of falling while walking? | ||||
No | 10,893 | 14 | (0.1) | – |
Yes (positive) | 6892 | 67 | (1.0) | – |
11. Have you lost 2 kg or more in the past 6 months? | ||||
No | 14,944 | 45 | (0.3) | 1.00 (reference) |
Yes (positive) | 2841 | 36 | (1.3) | 1.71 (1.06–2.76) |
12. If BMI is less than 18.5, this item is scored. | ||||
No | 15,872 | 57 | (0.4) | – |
Yes (positive) | 1913 | 24 | (1.3) | – |
13. Do you have any difficulties eating tough foods compared to 6 months ago? | ||||
No | 13,805 | 39 | (0.3) | – |
Yes (positive) | 3980 | 42 | (1.1) | – |
14. Have you choked on your tea or soup recently? | ||||
No | 13,965 | 50 | (0.4) | – |
Yes (positive) | 3820 | 31 | (0.8) | – |
15. Do you often experience having a dry mouth? | ||||
No | 13,349 | 46 | (0.3) | – |
Yes (positive) | 4436 | 35 | (0.8) | – |
16. Do you go out at least once a week? | ||||
Yes | 16,686 | 53 | (0.3) | – |
No (positive) | 1099 | 28 | (2.5) | – |
17. Do you go out less frequently compared to last year? | ||||
No | 13,959 | 25 | (0.2) | – |
Yes (positive) | 3826 | 56 | (1.5) | – |
18. Do your family or your friends point out your memory loss? | ||||
No | 16,113 | 47 | (0.3) | – |
Yes (positive) | 1672 | 34 | (2.0) | – |
19. Do you make a call by looking up phone numbers? | ||||
Yes | 15,967 | 43 | (0.3) | 1.00 (reference) |
No (positive) | 1818 | 38 | (2.1) | 2.10 (1.29–3.42) |
20. Do you find yourself not knowing today’s date? | ||||
No | 14,766 | 41 | (0.3) | – |
Yes (positive) | 3019 | 40 | (1.3) | – |
21. In the last 2 weeks have you felt a lack of fulfilment in your daily life? | ||||
No | 14,762 | 32 | (0.2) | – |
Yes (positive) | 3023 | 49 | (1.6) | – |
22. In the last 2 weeks have you felt a lack of joy when doing the things you used to enjoy? | ||||
No | 15,848 | 29 | (0.2) | 1.00 (reference) |
Yes (positive) | 1937 | 52 | (2.7) | 3.21 (1.88–5.48) |
23. In the last 2 weeks have you felt difficulty in doing what you could do easily before? | ||||
No | 13,134 | 21 | (0.2) | – |
Yes (positive) | 4651 | 60 | (1.3) | – |
24. In the last 2 weeks have you felt helpless? | ||||
No | 14,356 | 26 | (0.2) | 1.00 (reference) |
Yes (positive) | 3429 | 55 | (1.6) | 1.90 (1.11–3.26) |
25. In the last 2 weeks have you felt tired without a reason? | ||||
No | 13,063 | 31 | (0.2) | – |
Yes (positive) | 4722 | 50 | (1.1) | – |