Table 2 Operational definition of frailty, measured outcomes and time point of assessment
study | Operational definition of frailty | measured outcome | Time point of assessment |
|---|---|---|---|
[29] | Â | Physical fitness - Handgrip Strength: hydraulic hand dynamometer - Functional mobility: TUG - submaximal aerobic capacity: 6-MWT Length of stay | Baseline - before discharge from index hospital stay Follow up - 3-month follow-up visit |
[32] | Â | Satisfaction | Filled in shortly after discharge of hospital |
[31] |  | Health related quality of life: (HUI-3) - Hearing - Speech - Ambulation - Dexterity - Emotion - Cognition - Pain EuroQoL-visual analog scale Re-hospitalization Mortality | Baseline - before discharge from hospital Follow up - 1 month follow up of re-hospitalization - 3-month follow-up visit |
[22] | Two or more of the following criteria: tiredness, falls, endurance, needing support while shopping and visits to the emergency department | Frailty - FRESH screening tool Decline in functional activity - ADL Staircase: Personal ADL Instrumental ADL Increased use of municipal services | Baseline - Index hospitalization Follow up - 3 months after discharge |
[21] | Frailty Index was measured of frailty according to the model of deficit accumulation, 40 item Frailty Index was calculated based on proposed variables by Searle et al. the score of Frailty Index is the ratio of health deficits present to the total number of health-related variables. Peak flow, shoulder strength, grip strength and gait speed were rated based on actual physical performance. All other items were patient reported. | Frailty: - Frailty Index Mobility: - DEMMI - Gait speed - HABAM - TUG Walking ability: - Functional Ambulation Categories Physical endurance: - 6-MWT Falls efficacy: - Falls efficacy scale Length of stay Adherence rate | Baseline - First phase: 5 days after hospital admission - Second phase: 5 days after initial prescription for usual care Follow up - minimum of 14 days after hospital admission - maximum three weeks after baseline assessment |
[11] | Frailty by meeting 4 out of 5 Fried’s criteria: - Unintended weight loss of more than 5% from the previous time point - Weakness (grip strength) - Self-report exhaustion - Low activity by esds - Slowness by ESDS | Frailty: - Fried’s criteria Physical status: - Body Weight | Baseline: - At admission At discharge |
[30] | Frailty by meeting 4 out of 5 Fried’s criteria: - weight loss > 5% compared to previous time point - weakness by hand grip strength - self-report exhaustion - low activity level by ESDS - Slow walking speed by ESDS | Frailty: - Fried’s criteria Length of stay | Admission Before discharge 3 months after discharge |