Association between post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and bone fractures after the Great East Japan Earthquake in older adults: a prospective cohort study from the Fukushima Health Management Survey

Table 4 Sensitivity analysis results of participants who responded to all surveys from 2011 to 2016

Factors	Classification	Adjusted HR (95% CI)^a (n = 3,129)	P value
Age	Continuous	1.05 (1.03–1.07)	< 0.001
Sex	Men	Ref
Sex	Women	2.09 (1.55–2.83)	< 0.001
PTSD symptoms	No	Ref
PTSD symptoms	Yes	1.26 (0.99–1.59)	0.063
Experience of earthquake	No	Ref
Experience of earthquake	Yes	0.99 (0.61–1.62)	0.982
History of mental illness	No	Ref
History of mental illness	Yes	0.78 (0.47–1.31)	0.354
Need for assistance	No	Ref
Need for assistance	Yes	0.89 (0.54–1.47)	0.642
History of cancer	No	Ref
History of cancer	Yes	1.71 (1.26–2.32)	< 0.001
History of stroke	No	Ref
History of stroke	Yes	1.34 (0.95–1.89)	0.098
History of heart disease	No	Ref
History of heart disease	Yes	1.36 (1.07–1.73)	0.012
History of diabetes mellitus	No	Ref
History of diabetes mellitus	Yes	1.37 (1.12–1.68)	0.003
Smoking habit	Never smoked	Ref	(trend p = 0.519)
	Former smoker	1.15 (0.85–1.55)	0.361
	Current smoker	1.07 (0.69–1.67)	0.751
Drinking habit	Never drinks or rarely drinks (less than once a month)	Ref	(trend p = 0.159)
	Former drinker	1.07 (0.63–1.81)	0.795
	Current drinker (more than once a month)	1.19 (0.93–1.53)	0.168
Level of sleep satisfaction	Satisfied with sleep	Ref	(trend p = 0.429)
	Slightly unsatisfied with sleep	1.07 (0.86–1.33)	0.557
	Quite unsatisfied with sleep	1.02 (0.73–1.41)	0.924
	Very dissatisfied with sleep or does not sleep at all	1.27 (0.79–2.02)	0.324
Exercise habit	Almost daily	Ref	(trend p = 0.919)
	2 to 4 times a week	1.12 (0.87–1.44)	0.374
	Approximately once a week	0.87 (0.62–1.21)	0.413
	Almost never	1.06 (0.80–1.39)	0.691

^aAdjusted for age, sex, PCL score, experience of earthquake, history of mental illness, need for assistance, history of cancer, history of stroke, history of heart disease, history of diabetes mellitus, smoking habit, drinking habit, level of sleep satisfaction, and exercise habit. 95% CI 95% confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, Ref reference, PTSD post–traumatic stress disorder. Cox proportional hazard model; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant

ISSN: 1471-2318