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Table 3 The results of multivariate Cox proportional hazard models by sex

From: Association between post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and bone fractures after the Great East Japan Earthquake in older adults: a prospective cohort study from the Fukushima Health Management Survey

Factors

Classification

Men (n = 5,185)

Women (n = 4,847)

Adjusted HR (95% CI)a

P value

Adjusted HR (95% CI)b

P value

Age

Continuous

1.03 (1.02–1.05)

 < 0.001

1.04 (1.03–1.06)

 < 0.001

PTSD symptoms

No

Ref

 

Ref

 

Yes

1.39 (1.11–1.74)

0.004

1.18 (0.99–1.41)

0.067

Experience of earthquake

No

Ref

 

Ref

 

Yes

0.86 (0.59–1.25)

0.433

0.92 (0.62–1.38)

0.698

History of mental illness

No

Ref

 

Ref

 

Yes

0.90 (0.58–1.38)

0.646

1.02 (0.74–1.40)

0.906

Need for assistance

No

Ref

 

Ref

 

Yes

0.94 (0.61–1.43)

0.765

1.21 (0.94–1.56)

0.140

History of cancer

No

Ref

 

Ref

 

Yes

1.50 (1.16–1.95)

0.002

1.45 (1.11–1.90)

0.007

History of stroke

No

Ref

 

Ref

 

Yes

1.29 (0.99–1.69)

0.061

1.18 (0.89–1.57)

0.253

History of heart disease

No

Ref

 

Ref

 

Yes

1.21 (0.97–1.50)

0.082

1.36 (1.13–1.64)

0.001

History of diabetes mellitus

No

Ref

 

Ref

 

Yes

1.35 (1.12–1.63)

0.001

1.14 (0.97–1.34)

0.122

Smoking habit

Never smoked

Ref

(trend p = 0.200)

Ref

(trend p = 0.116)

Former smoker

1.02 (0.82–1.26)

0.869

1.10 (0.75–1.62)

0.612

Current smoker

1.22 (0.92–1.62)

0.166

1.46 (0.95–2.28)

0.087

Drinking habit

Never drinks or rarely drinks (less than once a month)

Ref

(trend p = 0.425)

Ref

(trend p = 0.210)

Former drinker

1.28 (0.92–1.77)

0.141

0.90 (0.40–2.04)

0.798

Current drinker (more than once a month)

1.13 (0.90–1.40)

0.293

1.15 (0.93–1.41)

0.193

Level of sleep satisfaction

Satisfied with sleep

Ref

(trend p = 0.029)

Ref

(trend p = 0.972)

Slightly unsatisfied with sleep

0.99 (0.80–1.21)

0.986

1.06 (0.90–1.26)

0.493

Quite unsatisfied with sleep

1.26 (0.94–1.69)

0.126

0.90 (0.70–1.16)

0.409

Very dissatisfied with sleep or does not sleep at all

1.71 (1.12–2.60)

0.013

1.14 (0.81–1.62)

0.454

Exercise habit

Almost daily

Ref

(trend p = 0.819)

Ref

(trend p = 0.310)

2 to 4 times a week

0.92 (0.73–1.17)

0.503

1.07 (0.86–1.33)

0.530

About once a week

0.99 (0.74–1.33)

0.955

1.17 (0.90–1.51)

0.240

Almost never

1.01 (0.78–1.29)

0.966

1.12 (0.90–1.40)

0.321

  1. a,bAdjusted for age, PCL score, experience of earthquake, history of mental illness, need for assistance, history of cancer, history of stroke, history of heart disease, history of diabetes mellitus, smoking habit, drinking habit, level of sleep satisfaction, and exercise habit. 95% CI 95% confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, Ref reference, PTSD post–traumatic stress disorder. Cox proportional hazard model; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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