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Table 1 Participant characteristics for the total study sample (n = 119), and subgroups according to cognitive status

From: Validation of the interview-based life-space assessment in institutionalized settings (LSA-IS) for older persons with and without cognitive impairment

Characteristics

(Mean (SD)/ n (%) / Median (range) Total group n = 119)

Non-CI (MMSE ≥24) n = 57

CI (MMSE< 24) n = 62

P-value*

Demographic factors

 Age, years

82.95 (6.20)

82.49 (6.54)

83.37 (5.89)

.488

 Gender, female, n (%)

73 (63.5%)

38 (66.7%)

38 (61.3%)

.546

Health status

 BMIa

26.24 (13–48)

26.33 (16.98–48.04)

25.87 (13.77–37.42)

.480

 Medications, number

10.22 (4.28)

10.07 (4.29)

10.40 (4.26)

.773

 CFS, scorec

6 (3–8)

6 (3–7)

6 (3–8)

.012

 PPI, score

0 (0–5)

0 (0–5)

0 (0–4)

.501

 No. of falls in the previous yearb

1 (0–4)

1 (0–2)

1 (0–4)

.463

Cognitive status

 MMSE, score

23 (10–30)

27 (24–30)

19 (10–23)

<.001

Psychosocial status

 Short FES-I, scoreb

11(6–26)

11.5 (6–25)

10.5 (7–26)

.514

 EQ-5D score

0.70 (0.96–1.00)

0.79 (0.06–1.00)

0.64 (0.06–1.00)

.237

 AES-C, scoreb

25 (5–35)

26 (6–35)

22 (5–35)

.017

Motor-functional status

 ADL Barthel scorec

75 (5–100)

80 (25–100)

65 (5–100)

.009

 SPPB, scorea

4 (0–11)

5 (0–11)

3 (0–10)

.026

 Gait velocity (s)d

7.63 (4.75)

7.13 (4.74)

8.15 (4.76)

.300

Physical activity

 PA (mean number of steps per day)

704 (0–7095)

813 (1.5–6772)

690 (0–7095)

.293

  1. Presented are patient characteristics for the study sample description for the total group and according to cognitive status. Total sample included 119 participants, however, single measures are lacking for some individuals, including a n = 110 participants, b n = 112 participants, c n = 113 participants, d n = 94 participants. *p-values are given for Mann-Whitney U tests and t-tests as appropriate
  2. Abbreviations: AES-C Apathy Evaluation Scale – Clinical version, BMI Body Mass Index, CFS Clinical Frailty Scale, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, PPI Present Pain Intensity Scale, SPPB Short-Physical-Performance-Battery, Short FES-I Short Falls Efficacy Scale-International, 7-item version, VRS Verbal rating scale, EQ-5D European health-related quality of life questionnaire (EuroQol-questionnaire, EQ-5D-3L), n Numbers, CI Cognitive impairment, SD Standard deviation, m/s Meters per second, PA Physical activity