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Table 1 Baseline data

From: Preoperative low muscle mass is a predictor of falls within 12 months of surgery in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis

 

All (n = 74)

Non-fallers

(n = 50)

Fallers

(n = 24)

P

Age (years)

69.0 (63.0–76.0)

68.0 (63.0–76.0)

73.0 (67.3–76.8)

0.070

Sex (male/female)

36/38

29/21

7/17

0.020

Height (cm)

158.3 (152.0–163.6)

159.3 (153.0–164.7)

156.9 (150.1–163.2)

0.072

Weight (kg)

60.5 (51.6–68.2)

62.7 (53.3–68.7)

54.5 (51.0–63.8)

0.079

BMI (kg/m2)

24.0 (22.5–26.2)

24.2 (22.5–26.2)

23.0 (22.4–25.5)

0.255

Symptom duration (months)

11.0 (6.0–54.0)

11.0 (6.0–50.0)

10.0 (4.0–57.0)

0.572

Patellar tendon reflex

2.0 (1.0–2.0)

2.0 (1.0–2.0)

2.0 (1.0–2.0)

0.820

Achilles tendon reflex

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

1.0 (0.3–1.0)

0.369

Sensory disturbance (%)

44.6

40.0

54.2

0.251

Fragility fracture (%)

1.4

0.0

4.2

0.146

Comorbidities

 Hypertension (%)

48.6

46.0

54.2

0.511

 Dyslipidemia (%)

23.0

20.0

29.2

0.380

 Diabetes (%)

14.9

10.0

25.0

0.090

Previous fall (%)

36.5

26.0

58.3

0.007

NRS score for leg pain

5.0 (3.0–7.0)

4.0 (2.8–7.0)

7.0 (4.3–8.8)

0.061

NRS score for back pain

5.0 (3.0–7.0)

4.0 (2.8–7.0)

5.0 (4.3–7.0)

0.290

JOA score

16.0 (12.0–18.0)

16.5 (13.0–20.0)

15.0 (11.0–17.0)

0.038

HADS-anxiety score

5.0 (2.8–8.0)

5.0 (2.0–7.0)

6.0 (3.0–9.0)

0.182

HADS-depression score

5.5 (3.0–8.0)

4.0 (2.0–7.3)

7.0 (4.0–9.0)

0.007

Muscle weakness

 Tibialis anterior

5.0 (5.0–5.0)

5.0 (5.0–5.0)

5.0 (4.0–5.0)

0.017

 Extensor hallucis longus

5.0 (4.0–5.0)

5.0 (4.0–5.0)

5.0 (4.0–5.0)

0.138

 Extensor digitorum longus

5.0 (5.0–5.0)

5.0 (5.0–5.0)

5.0 (5.0–5.0)

0.228

Walking speed (m/sec)

1.01 (0.78–1.17)

1.05 (0.87–1.20)

0.86 (0.58–1.08)

0.025

Grip strength (kg)

27.6 (22.3–36.1)

31.0 (23.5–38.2)

24.2 (17.9–29.6)

0.005

SMI (kg/m2)

6.96 (6.03–7.86)

7.22 (6.14–8.27)

6.40 (5.67–7.43)

0.020

Sarcopenia (%)

10.8

6.0

20.8

0.054

Low muscle mass (%)

20.3

10.0

41.7

0.002

  1. Data are presented as medians (interquartile range) or percentage
  2. BMI Body mass index, NRS Numerical rating scale, JOA Japanese Orthopaedic Association, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, MMT manual muscle testing, SMI Skeletal muscle mass index
  3. Patellar and Achilles tendon reflexes were categorized as 0 for absent, 1 for diminished, 2 for normal, and 3 for increased
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BMC Geriatrics

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